Geography. Козлова Е.П. - 101 стр.

drained by five rivers the soil of the Ukraine is very fertile. 9. Having reached the
depth of 15,000 feet we began to examine the drill cuttings.

      19.6 Независимый причастный оборот
       (The Absolute Participle Construction)

    Независимый причастный оборот – это сочетание существительного в
общем падеже (или местоимения в именительном падеже) с Participle I или
Participle II, в котором существительное (или местоимение) выполняет роль
подлежащего по отношению к причастию и не является подлежащим всего
предложения.
  На русский язык переводится, как правило, придаточным предложением с
союзами так как, когда, если, после того как (независимый причастный оборот
находится в начале предложения) и с союзами а, и, причем, но (независимый
причастный оборот стоит в конце предложения).

The weather being fine, we went for a walk.
He works hard to pass his examination, his sister doing her best to help him.

Translate into Russian paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction

1. Certain volcanoes throw out very little solid matter, their products being molten
lavas. 2. The slopes of the main ridge are forested, conifers predominating in the
north and deciduous in the south. 3. The southern part of the Crimea being protected
by mountains from the cold wind of the steppes, the climate is mild enough to grow
vines. 4. The forests having been cleared, farming became one the principle
occupation of the people of this area.

Compare grammar constructions in each pair of sentences

1. New specimens having been secured, the scientists sorted them. Having secured
new specimens the scientists sorted them. 2. The drill cuttings having been examined,
we could determine the nature of the rock. Having examined the drill cuttings we
could determine the nature of the rock. 3. The students having been shown some
specimens, the teacher began his lecture. Having shown some specimens to the
students the teacher began his lecture.




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