Geology. Козлова Е.П. - 23 стр.

       Minerals are natural substances, homogenous in composition and structure,
formed as a result of physical-chemical processes in the earth’s crust. They are
mainly hard crystal bodies, components of rocks and ore. Since ancient times,
minerals have been given names according to some feature reflecting either 1) their
composition (beryl consisting of the mineral beryllium ), 2) color (ruby from
“rubber” the Latin for red), 3) chemical composition (tinaksite-titanium, natrium,
potassium, silucum), 4) the geological place of discovery (chariote from the river,
Chara) or 5) in recognition of great scientists (fersmanite named for the academian
A.S.Fersman).
        In our hall we have the mineral pyrite (“pyres” is Greek for fire). The mineral
also has other names such as “fool s gold” and “cat gold”. And, indeed, as fine
dissemination in the rock on a fresh fracture, it looks like real gold. But this is only an
external feature. This mineral is used in the chemical industry, namely, in producing
sulfur acid. From the class of sulfites, pyrite among them, we proceed to that of
oxides, quartz being among those most widely spread. Indeed, there is no other
mineral in nature which can have so many varieties of color and other properties
without changing its chemical composition. Violet quartz is called amethyst. Since
ancient times amethyst has been one of the most popular stones known and loved by
man. Modern technology employs the latent properties of quartz. This mineral is
transparent for infra-red and ultra-violet rays of the spectrum. This property is used in
producing lenses, prisms, and spectral windows for many optical devices. Quartz is
an indispensable material for producing stable quartz generators and so on. On the
territory of the Orenburg Region there are deposits of quartz (f. ex. in the west of the
region, near Svetlyy).
       The next exhibit in our collection is devoted to………………………………

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                         Future of Russia’s Natural Wealth

   National mineral resources have a key role to play in promoting Russia’s eco-
  nomic development in general and a factor which determines the economic well-
                               being of its people.

      According to the statistics of the Ministry of National Resources of the Russian
Federation, this country has in its possession 22 percent of the world’s forests, 20
percent of fresh water resources and 16 percents of the world’s mineral and raw
material resources, including 32 percent of national gas (the world leader), 12 percent
of oil and 12 percent of coal. Russia’s share of the world’s resources of iron and tin
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