Geology. Козлова Е.П. - 40 стр.

    Упомянутые в статье источники смогут дать в будущем неограниченные
возможности получения энергии.


     4.2 Прочтите и переведите статью «Экогеология», опубликованную в
журнале “Science in Russia” (№6, 2000г.). Составьте аннотацию и реферат
статьи

                                     Ecogeology
     Speaking of the natural environment, we use the term ecology. This word was
    introduced in 1869 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) for the
   science studying the relationship of organisms with their environment. For a long
time ecological problems were considered in the context of biology and subsequently,
 of paleontology. But from the mid-20 th century on the ecological approach invaded
 virtually all disciplines, including geology. Today we are dealing with the ecology of
 the World Ocean, of organic communities and of conurbations. And so forth.We are
   witnessing the development of technological, engineering, landscape and medical
                   ecologies, and ecoactivities in other fields as well….

                                    A New Trend
       Such kind of proliferation of sundry ecologies became a nuisance already in the
1980s, hence the need to bring into some common denominator of sorts. Four major
areas were identified in the long run – namely, the biological, geological, social and
applied ecology.
       Ecological problems have always been a major concern during geological
surveying and prospecting, especially in hydraulic and in engineering geology. At
first the ecological aspects of such work were designated as geoecology or else
geology of the environment; lately, however such notions as ecogeology,
ecohydrogeology and ecogeophysics entered the stage. This ushers in a new trend
within the earth sciences. Now all of them – geodynamics, geotectonics, the geology
of useful minerals and ore mining – are oriented towards environmental protection.
All that has given birth to an intermedia science, the ecological geology (ecogeology,
for short). But in what particular does it differ from geology proper and disciplines
related to engineering geology?
       Each science has its subject – matter and methods. As Professor Viktor
Trofimov (Lomonosov Moscow State University) sees it, ecological geology is
concerned with the lithosphere, or to be more exact, with its subsurface region
subjected to active technogenic effects. Well and good, but the lithosphere is also the
object of geology, is it not? Yes, of course. However, ecogeology is involved not
only with the specific features of the lithosphere – its range of interests takes in
related processes in the biosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere impacting
geological processes (which every now and then entail disastrous consequence for the


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