Geology. Козлова Е.П. - 49 стр.

                   The Technology of the Prediction of Coal Occurrence

        The technology of prediction of coal occurrence is based on the regularities of
distribution of coals in the Earth’s crust. These regularities have been established as a
result of the historical-geological analysis of the regional structures and geological-
structural position of high-productive zones and levels of geological cross-section of
sedimentary strata.     It is established, firstly, that structures and complexes of the
geosynclinal row are perspectiveless in relation to coal bearing capacity because their
genesis and development are linked to the most active geotectonic regime, unfavourable
for concentration and conservation of organic matter being initial for coals. Secondly,
perspectiveless in relation to coals are also sedimentary complexes of sea
paleoaquatories, unreachable for inflow of land-originated organic matter.
       The objects for prediction of coal occurrence are structures, consolidated to the
time of their being located in the belt of climate, favourable to the growth of dry-land
plants, in paleographic aspect representing the land with continental and coastal basin
sedimentation.
       The most productive by coal content are coal-bearing formation formed in the
zones between mobile and stable by their tectonic regime of development structures. The
most high-quality coals are also linked to these zones. The tectonic structures revealed by
deciphering aerospace imagery show themselves as faults and also as zones of anomalous
composition and structure of coal-bearing deposits. Such character of space photo
imagery is caused by single source of their origin – inherited development of long-life
faults (deep structures) controlling in time and in space not only localization of coal-
bearing formations, but also their internal structure.
       The use of space snapshots allows to reveal geological objects, which are not
always established by conventional methods-zones of intensive jointing; over- fault zones
actuated in the process of many parameters of coal-bearing strata as a whole and a
separate layers (including coal deposits).

                            The Urals: 20 th century discoveries

        The late 1920s and early 30’s saw giant industrial projects built at Magnitogorsk,
 Berezniki and Solikamsk. Production of iron, copper and gold in the old industries was
 going up, mines were sunk to recover aluminum, nickel ore, chromites, potassium,
 sulfur, asbestos, talcum, coal, and many rare metals, and many rare metals, and wells
 were driven to pump oil. Metalworking advanced on a renovated technological basis.
 As one of this nation’s leading industrial centers, the Ural was severely short of
 researchers who could explore its geological structure and sum up the results of
 previous geological and geophysical studies. To deal with these complex problems at
 close range, a Geochemistry Institute was set up at the Ural Branch in 1932. In the late
 1930s, the institute was reorganized to an Institute of Mining Geology. In 1966, the
 Academy’s Presidium changed the name of the former to the Geology and
 Geochemistry Institute.



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