Стилистика русского языка и культура речи. Кретов А.А - 35 стр.

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ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɸɡɵ ɟɠɟɥɢ, ɤɨɥɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦ ɚɪɯɚɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ – ɤɧɢɠɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ. ɂɡ ɭɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɸɡɵ ɩɭɫɤɚɣ, ɞɚɪɨɦ ɱɬɨ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɸɡɵ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ: ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ, ɢɛɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɧ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɟɧ ɫɨɸɡ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ
ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɫɫɨɸɡɧɵɟ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ
ɤɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɪɯɚɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ, ɞɚɛɵ. ɂɡ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɸɡ ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ.
Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ, ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɉɧɢ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɟ;
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɢ ɨɧɢ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ (ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɢɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ) ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ.
Ɏɢɝɭɪɵ ɪɟɱɢ – ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɢ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ:
– ɩɨɜɬɨɪ (ɚɧɚɮɨɪɚ, ɷɩɢɮɨɪɚ, ɚɧɚɞɢɩɥɨɫɢɫ: ɇɟ ɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɟ, ɚ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɩɪɢ
ɦɧɟ, ɫɢɦɩɥɨɤɚ – ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ);
– ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚ;
– ɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ;
– ɷɥɥɢɩɫ;
– ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ;
– ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦ;
– ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ;
– ɩɚɪɰɟɥɥɹɰɢɹ;
– ɩɚɪɟɧɬɟɡɚ – ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫ ɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɅȿɄɐɂə 6
ɉɈɇəɌɂȿ Ɉ Ɋȿɑȿȼɕɏ ɈɒɂȻɄȺɏ
ɉɥɚɧ
1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɯ.
2. ɇɟɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ: ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ.
3. ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ:
– ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ,
– ɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ,
35
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɸɡɵ ɟɠɟɥɢ, ɤɨɥɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦ ɚɪɯɚɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ – ɤɧɢɠɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ. ɂɡ ɭɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɸɡɵ ɩɭɫɤɚɣ, ɞɚɪɨɦ ɱɬɨ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɸɡɵ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɤɧɢɠɧɵɯ: ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ, ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ, ɢɛɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɧ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɵɯ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɟɧ ɫɨɸɡ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ.
Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ
ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɫɫɨɸɡɧɵɟ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ
ɤɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɪɯɚɢɱɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ, ɞɚɛɵ. ɂɡ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɸɡ ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ.
    Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ, ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ,
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɉɧɢ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɟ;
ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɢ ɨɧɢ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ (ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɢɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ) ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ.
    Ɏɢɝɭɪɵ ɪɟɱɢ – ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɱɢ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ:
    – ɩɨɜɬɨɪ (ɚɧɚɮɨɪɚ, ɷɩɢɮɨɪɚ, ɚɧɚɞɢɩɥɨɫɢɫ: ɇɟ ɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɜɟ, ɚ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɩɪɢ
ɦɧɟ, ɫɢɦɩɥɨɤɚ – ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ);
    – ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚ;
    – ɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ;
    – ɷɥɥɢɩɫ;
    – ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɹ;
    – ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɡɦ;
    – ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ;
    – ɩɚɪɰɟɥɥɹɰɢɹ;
    – ɩɚɪɟɧɬɟɡɚ – ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫ ɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ.

                            ɅȿɄɐɂə 6
                ɉɈɇəɌɂȿ Ɉ Ɋȿɑȿȼɕɏ ɈɒɂȻɄȺɏ
                                ɉɥɚɧ
  1. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨ ɧɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɯ.
  2. ɇɟɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ    ɨɲɢɛɤɢ:     ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ,
     ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ.
  3. ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ:
       – ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ,
       – ɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ,
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