Стилистика русского языка и культура речи. Кретов А.А - 7 стр.

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ɑɥɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ «ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ»: ɩɟɪɜɨɟ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɟ, – ɷɬɨ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɹ
ɤɧɢɠɧɨ-ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. Ʉɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ȼɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ, ɞɢɫɬɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ,
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɞɟɥɨɜɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɭ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ,
ɝɚɡɟɬɧɨ-ɠɭɪɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɧɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɤɚɤ
ɪɚɞɢɨ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɷɬɨ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɢ.
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɟ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ: ɜɧɟɦ,
ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ (ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɭɫɬɧɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɢɹ), ɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɧɢɤɟɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ. Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ / ɧɟɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɧɢɠɧɭɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɭɸ
ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɧɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɥɢ
.
ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɂ ɁȺɄɈɇɈɆȿɊɇɈɋɌɂ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ əɁɕɄȺ
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ? Ʉɨɝɞɚ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ȼ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɹɡɵɤɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬ? ɉɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɧɹɠɟɫɬɜɨɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ. Ɏɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɧɹɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ, ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɦ ɢ
ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ, ɢɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɢɤɭɞɚ ɟɡɞɢɬɶ. ȼɫɟ ɠɢɬɟɥɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. ɂɯ ɫɨɫɟɞɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟ
7
     ɑɥɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ «ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨ»: ɩɟɪɜɨɟ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɟ, – ɷɬɨ ɞɢɯɨɬɨɦɢɹ
ɤɧɢɠɧɨ-ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. Ʉɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ – ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ȼɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ, ɞɢɫɬɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ,
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɞɟɥɨɜɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɤɭ, ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ,
ɝɚɡɟɬɧɨ-ɠɭɪɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɧɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɤɚɤ
ɪɚɞɢɨ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
     Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɚɹ     ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ    ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ     ɹɡɵɤɚ –     ɷɬɨ
ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ
ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɦɢ.
     Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɟ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ: ɜ ɧɟɦ,
ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ (ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɥɟɝɤɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɭɫɬɧɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɢɹ), ɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɧɢɤɟɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ     ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ     ɩɪɚɜɢɥ    ɢ    ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ.     Ɍɟɦ     ɫɚɦɵɦ
ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ / ɧɟɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɧɢɠɧɭɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɭɸ
ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
     ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ – ɤɧɢɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɧɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɥɢ.


        ɉɊɂɑɂɇɕ ɂ ɁȺɄɈɇɈɆȿɊɇɈɋɌɂ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə
                   ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ əɁɕɄȺ

     Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ? Ʉɨɝɞɚ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɢɚɥɟɤɬ – ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ȼ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɹɡɵɤɢ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ.
     Ʉɚɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬ? ɉɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɧɹɠɟɫɬɜ – ɨɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ. Ɏɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɧɹɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ, ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɦ ɢ
ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ, ɢɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɢɤɭɞɚ ɟɡɞɢɬɶ. ȼɫɟ ɠɢɬɟɥɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. ɂɯ ɫɨɫɟɞɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟ

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