Introduction to biology. Кулагина Ж.Д. - 14 стр.

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      1. Some mistakes must have been made in choosing the methods of
investigation. 2. Chalk is made of the shells of little animals. They must have been tiny
things, for you can only see the shells with a very strong glass. 3. The process of decay
of some plants must have been very gradual and constant. 4. More might have been
said about how some of the important advances in biochemistry have been made. 5. The
discussion of the previous section must have been made it clear that in order to
understand the problem of life in general, we must look for the solution in the structure
and properties of the living cells. 6. There is actually no reason why this experiment
could not have been performed by this assistant. 7. What seems easy to us now might
not have been so some years ago.

      Ex. 9. Make up word combinations using the words below.

Model A: to live, matter ----- living matter
1. to compose, elements; 2. to grow, plants; 3. to reproduce, animals; 4. to direct, center;
5. to control, animals; 6. to appear, fruits; 7. to surprise, capacities of protoplasm; 8. to
separate, membrane; 9. to form, cells; 10. to divide, nucleus; 11. to function, organs; 12.
to convince, facts.

Model B: to consider, problems ----- considered problems

1. to test, facts; 2. to examine, parts of plants; 3. to remain, elements; 4. to absorb,
water; 5. to digest and to assimilate, foods; 6. to control, animals; 7. to know*, data; 8.
to disclose, characteristics; 9. to conduct, investigation; 10. to grow* plants; 11. to
convert, substances; 12. to dissolve, salts; 13. to suspend, substances.

     Ex. 10. Complete the sentences making up Participle constructions from the word
combinations given below.

Model A: Scientists / to classify these organisms differently …
          1. Scientists (classifying these organisms differently) refer them to different
kingdoms.
          2. Scientists (having classified these organisms differently) referred them to
different kingdoms.
1) scientists / to investigate these problems, 2) lungs / to carry out the function of
respiration, 3) plants to perform the function of photosynthesis, 4) a group of young
scientists / to conduct investigation in this field, 5) the student / to examine a tiny piece
of a plant under a microscope, 6) these experiments / to surprise everybody, 7) these
characteristics / to change in a new generation of the plants, 8) substances / to permeate
through the openings in the membrane, 9) the cell wall / to encase the protoplasm, 10)
the discovery of the cell / to play an important role, 11) the cell membrane / to protect
the cell against injury.

Model B: plants / to be grouped according to their habits…