The cell. Кулагина Ж.Д. - 6 стр.

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Darwin knew that his father wanted him to be a doctor. 11. His father wrote in
his letter that Darwin cared for nothing but shooting and hunting instead of
studying. 12. He knew that his father's friend understands him better than his
father. 13. He told me not to come to his place the next day as he wouldn't be at
home. 14. The officer ordered the soldiers to wait for him. 15. I asked my
brother not to touch the papers on my table. 16. The teacher told us to observe
all the general Lab Safety Rules working there.

                                      Step 2
      Ex. 10. Read the text.
                                    TEXT A

        All living matter consists of protoplasm. Protoplasm is the physical basis
of life. Nearly every organism contains lifeless as well as living matter. There is
no protoplasm in lifeless matter.
        Protoplasm when it is examined under the compound microscope is a thin
granular, nearly transparent fluid substance. It has the same appearance,
chemical composition and the same characteristics in both animals and plants. It
contains a very large amount of water.
        The remainder of the protoplasmic substance consists of proteins which
are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.
Fats, sugars and various mineral salts are also present.
        All the various processes which go on in the body of the plant, for
example, such as the adsorption of water and salts, the manufacture of food,
digestion, respiration, growth and reproduction, are ultimately directed and
controlled by protoplasm. For this reason protoplasm is regarded as the only part
of an organism which is truly alive and the knowledge of its structure and
activity is therefore essential for an understanding of any living thing.
Investigations have been conducted in this field and many important facts of
protoplasmic structure and activity have been disclosed. Scientists, however,
haven't yet yielded all the knowledge of the fundamental chemical or physical
organisation of this material. Protoplasm has a deceptively simple appearance,
but the more biologists learn about its surprising capacities, the more convinced
they become that it is the most complex and remarkable of materials.

      Ex. 11. Answer the following questions.

1. All living matter consists of protoplasm, doesn't it? 2. What is the role of
protoplasm in the life of all living organisms? 3. What is the appearance of
protoplasm under the compound microscope? 4. Is the chemical composition of
protoplasm the same in animal and plant cells? 5. How much water can it
contain? 6. What are other protoplasmic substances? 7. What processes are
directed and controlled by protoplasm? 8. Why is the knowledge of
protop1asmic structure and activities so important?