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occur. The foundation is a reinforced casing. On it there stands a three-storey
building together with a metal tower 360 m high.
TEXT B. THE USE OF PYRAMIDAL PILES IN BUILDING
Pyramidal piles are a progressive design of piles used in building. These
piles have the shape of an enlarged pyramid; they are rammed into the ground,
acute end first. Unlike prismatic piles, pyramidal piles pack the soil along the
sides while sinking into it, thus enhancing the mechanical quality of the soil,
and subsequently conveying the load of the whole side surface upon the packed
basis.
Such distinctive feature of the work of prismatic and pyramidal piles in
the basis soils ensures the possibility to enhance the bearing capacity of
pyramidal piles with respect to prismatic piles by 1.5-2 times.
Pyramidal piles are used in the basis of buildings and constructions for
various purposes and designs. They are especially effective when packed soil
lies on the upper part of the basis from 3 to 5 deep, while loose soil can lie
underneath.
In this case pyramidal piles must work as single piles. When pyramidal
piles are arranged in groups and joined by a low foundation raft, the depth of
the loose soil should be taken into consideration as well as the number of piles
in the group. If the basis is made up of cocked soil along the whole depth, the
number of piles in the group is not limited.
The structural design of pyramidal piles is carried out in accordance with
the deformations, proceeding from the equality of the work of external and
internal forces with due regard for obligatory requirements. The volume of the
stabilization zone should not exceed the volume of the consolidation zone while
conveying the load to the pile.
TEXT C. GRILLAGE FOUNDATION
Grillage, foundation bed, reinforced concrete footing, as a means of
protection, tier, to be encased, to resist, bending, shearing, bond, stress.
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