Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 26 стр.

       We may see examples in names of garments, as bloomers, bowler
(first advertised by Mr. Bowler of St. Swithun’s Lane in the Daily
News, 8th August, 1868-a family reunion was held recently. NED says
from bowl), cardigan, mackintosh, spencer (once a short coat, but now
a woman’s garment), Wellingtons, and one which is perhaps now
almost a noun, though its main use is adjectival — raglan. Pants, a
shortened form of pantaloons, derives its origin from the character in
the pantomime. A bowler is also known as a billycock, said to be a
corruption of Billy Coke, as the hat was first made for William Coke,
later Lord Leicester. Among other garment names are Dolly Vardon,
Derby and Stetson hats, tarn o’shanter, Jemimas, Ìàå West (life-
belt), plimsolls, Sam Browne belt, belcher (a kerchief), burberry,
Gladstone, Vandyke and Byron collars, Dolman jersey, and Joseph (a
multicoloured coat), and perhaps we may include, as ornament, al-
bert — a watch-chain.
       Other examples are sandwich, explained as the device adopted
by the Fourth Earl of Sandwich, whose only refreshment during an
uninterrupted spell of twenty-four hours at the gaming-tables is said
to have been slices of cold beef laid between slices of toast...
       Personal names come also to be used as verbs, for example,
boycott (from the persecution of Capt. Boycott, of Lough Mask House,
Co. Mayo, by the Irish Land League in 1880), which has proved so
popular — and it is indeed a most useful word — that it has passed
from English into several European languages, for it is found in
Dutch, French, German, and Russian. We find also to lynch, from
the name of the American Judge Lynch, so far unidentified with
certainty, but who is supposed to have started, or sanctioned, the
practice, hence ‘Lynch’s Law’. A furher development of this verbal
use is the addition of the suffix -ize, as in bowdlerize. mercerize,
mesmerize, macadamize, pasteurize...
                                      J.A. Sheard. The Words We Use.
     XI.
     Read the passage below and answer questions following it.
     Perhaps few, even among professed students of language, are
aware how large a portion of the English vocabulary has, in the
ordinary sense of the word, no etymology at all. We do not mean
merely that there are many words the origin of which is and will
always remain unknown because of the imperfection of our means of

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