Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 28 стр.

                     The Vokabulary
              Unit III.
           of a Language as a System
       WORKING DEFINITIONS OF PRINCIPAL CONCEPTS

       1. Parts of speech, classes into which words of a language are
divided by virtue of their having a) a certain general (abstract,
categorial) meaning underlying their — concrete lexical meaning;
b) a system of grammatical categories characteristic of this class;
c) specific syntactic functions; d) special types of form-building and
word formation.
       2. Context: a) the linguistic environment of a unit of language
which reveals the conditions and the characteristic features of its usage
in speech; b) the semantically complete passage of written speech
sufficient to establish the meaning of a given word (phrase).
       3. Semantic field, part (‘slice’) of reality singled out in human
experience and, theoretically, covered in language by a more or less
autonomous lexical microsystem.
       4. Lexical set: 1) a group of words more or less corresponding
in their main semantic component, i. e. belonging to the same se-
mantic field; 2) a group of words having the same generic meaning.
       5. Synonymy, the coincidence in the essential meanings of lin-
guistic elements which (at the same time) usually preserve their
differences in connotations and stylistic characteristics.
       6. Synonyms, two or more words belonging to the same part of
speech and possessing one or more identical or nearly identical
denotational meanings, interchangeable in some contexts. These words
are distinguished by diffeent shades of meaning, connotations and
stylistic features.
       7. Ideographic synonyms, such synonyms which differ in shades
of meaning, i. e. between which a semantic difference is statable.
       8. Stylistic synonyms, such synonyms which, without explicitly
displaying semantic difference, are distinguished stylistically, i. e. in
all kinds of emotional, expressive and evaluative overtones.
       9. Antonymy, semantic opposition, contrast.
     10. Antonyms, a) words which have in their meaning a qualita-
tive feature and can therefore be regarded as semantically opposite;
b) words contrasted as correlated pairs.


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