Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 34 стр.

we may use the term complete synonymy for equivalence of both
cognitive and emotive sense; and we may restrict the term total syn-
onymy to those synonyms (whether complete or not) which are
interchangeable in all contexts. This scheme of classification allows
for four possible kinds of synonymy (assuming that only two values
are attributed to each of the variables): 1) complete and total synon-
ymy; 2) complete, but not total; 3) incomplete, ‘but total; 4) in-
complete, and not total. It is complete and total synonymy that most
semanticists have in mind when they talk of ‘real’ (or ‘absolute’)
synonymy. It is undoubtedly true that there are very few such syn-
onyms in language. And little purpose is served by defining a notion of
‘absolute’ synonymy which is based on the assumption that complete
equivalence and total interchangeability are necessarily connected. Once
we accept that they are not, and at the same time abandon the
traditional view that synonymy is a matter of the identity of two
independently-determined ‘senses’, the whole question becomes much
more straightforward.
      VIII.
      The following pairs of synonyms are as a rule used in combina-
tion with different words, i. e. in different contexts. Consulting dictio-
naries give examples to show their usage.
      Frequent — haunt; gleam — glitter; high — lofty; life — vitality;
suitable — fitting; sulky — sullen; vivacious — lively.



              Idioms and Idiomaticity
     Idiomaticity is important for this reason, if for no other, that
there is so much of it in every language.
                                               (Weinreich 1969: 23)

                              GLOSSARY

      Ad hoc
      Ad hoc pieces of language are ‘one-offs’ appropriate to the vary-
ing language requirements of different partici pants and situations.
They exemplify the working of the open-choice princi ple.

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