Английский язык. Любинская Н.А - 19 стр.

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II. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading from the list (A-D) for each
part (I-IV).

                                         TEXT

        I. All over the world, in many different ways, countries have rolled back pov-
erty and built the conditions for sustained, equitable growth. How can we find out
about the implementation factors that triggered success and foster those approaches
on a global scale to shrink poverty in the many parts of the world where it remains
widespread? The purpose of this conference is to find out.
        Aid alone is not the answer. In spite of improvements in aid allocation and its
effective use, many developing countries have failed to reduce poverty, often because
of gaps in knowledge and capacity that keep them from adapting to their own circum-
stances the successful practices discovered and applied elsewhere.
        In a series of United Nations conferences during the 1990s the international
community established a set of common goals, the Millennium Development Goals,
to be achieved between 1900 and 2015.
        II. Hope and some lessons come from the experiences of Asian developing
countries, with half the world’s population, that already have met the millennium
goal for poverty reduction in the 25 years ending in 2003. The developing countries
of Asia collectively reduced extreme poverty by more than 50 percent from 1978 to
2003. Prime examples are China, Korea, Malaysia, and India. However, income dis-
parities still remain at the national and regional levels, and threaten to jeopardize pro-
gress in the long run.
        Pockets of progress exist in other regions as well: Chile in South America, for
example, and Uganda in the 1990s in Africa. In addition, many policy lessons can be
extracted from programs, projects, and initiatives all over the world, which have
helped improve the living standards of the poor, either by providing a better invest-
ment climate conducive to economic growth or by promoting social inclusion and
empowerment. What is important about all these experiences is that some shift in in-
stitutions, policies, and approaches to development took place that enabled poverty
reduction on a scale.
        Meanwhile, other main regions with large concentrations of poor people – Sub-
Saharan Africa and Central Asia – have made less progress in reducing poverty over
the past one or two decades. Despite isolated projects that have improved people’s
lives in these regions, prospects for them to meet the MDGs are not very encourag-
ing.
        Gaps in knowledge, capacity, and policies have limited the number of these
successes and kept them isolated, meaning that the good work and experience, which
could be making a positive difference in the lives of millions of people, are not being
widely shared and implemented. How can countries and communities learn from mis-
takes and scale up successful approaches?
        III. The eight Millennium Development Goals, embraced by 189 countries in
2000, are now widely accepted as a framework for measuring development progress.