Английский для бакалавров. Макеева М.Н - 38 стр.

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38
Lesson 5
1. Warm-up. In pairs or small groups discuss the questions.
Can you imagine our life without automobile? Why?
What kind of cars shall we have in future?
Would you like to go on a joy ride in Karl Benz’s "Velo" model?
3. Read and translate the text into Russian.
Travelling by car at a high speed is an exciting experience. But how it all began? An automobile
(via French from Greek auto, self and Latin mobilis moving, a vehicle
1
that moves itself rather than
being moved by another vehicle or animal) or motor car (usually shortened to just car) is a wheeled
passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are
designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four
wheels
2
, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. However, the
term is far from precise because there are many types of vehicles that do similar tasks.
One of the earliest sketches of a vehicle were made by Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (1452 –
1519), but one of the earliest attempts to propel a vehicle by mechanical power was suggested by Isaac
Newton. Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first self-propelled
mechanical vehicle or automobile. He built a steam-driven engine
3
which had three wheels, carried
two passengers and ran at maximum speed of four miles. In Russia Ivan Kulibin constructed a vehicle
which had fly-wheel
4
, brakes
5
, gearbox
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, thrust bearing
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. François Isaac de Rivaz, a Swiss inventor,
designed the first internal combustion
8
engine which was fuelled by a mixture of hydrogen and
oxygen and used it to develop the world's first vehicle to run on such an engine.
The first to perfect gasoline
9
engine was N. Otto who introduced the four-stroke cycle of
operation. But Karl Benz is generally acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile and
Rudolf Diesel as a builder of the first Diesel Engine (1897).
The cars of that time were very small, two-seated cars with no roof, driven by an engine placed
under the seat. Motorists had to carry large cans of fuel
10
and separate spare tires, for there were no
repair or filling stations to serve them.
2. Visit the website address given below. Describe the first car – Mercedes Benz.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YMG0EDffa
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcObjfXzjl0&feature=relmfu

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