Английский для бакалавров. Макеева М.Н - 55 стр.

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55
THE IMPERATIVE
We can use the imperative to give a direct order. Take that chewing gum out of your mouth. Stand up straight.
We can use the imperative to give instructions.
Open your book. Take two tablets every evening. Take a left and then a right.
We can use the imperative to make an invitation.
Come in and sit down. Make yourself at home. Please start without me. I'll be there shortly. Have a piece of this cake. It's
delicious.
We can use the imperative on signs and notices. Push. Do not use. Insert one dollar.
We can use the imperative to give friendly informal advice.
Speak to him. Tell him how you feel. Don't go. Stay at home and rest up. Get some sleep and recover.
We can make the imperative 'more polite' by adding 'do'. Do be quiet. Do come. Do sit down.
MODAL VERBS
Modal verb Usage Example
can
can’t
cannot
ability He can do several things at the same time.
when something is possible You can’t leave your car in that parking space.
permission You can start now.
informal requests Can you do that?
could
past form of "can" He phoned to say he couldn't come.
polite requests Could you help me, please?
possibility It could be that he missed the bus.
may
possibility It may wind tomorrow.
ask or give permission (formal) May I come in?
might
past form of "may" He said he might do his project.
possibility You might have dropped it in the street.
must
you have to do it We must obey the law.
it's very logical or very likely to happen They left so early, they must be home by now.
must not/
mustn't
you are not allowed to do it You mustn't smoke in here.
shall
future for "I" and "we" I shall see her tomorrow.
questions and suggestions for "I" and "we" Let's go, shall we?
should
the right thing to do He should call the hospital.
advice
– What should I do?
– You should stop thinking about it.
what is likely or expected to happen We should be back by midnight.
will
future action or states (not plans) Prices will go up next year.
promises and intentions It's alright, I'll pick it up.
would
past form of "will" She told me she would phone.
imagined situations What would you do if you were her?
for polite requests, offers and invitations
– Would you please stand up?
– Would you like some juice?
–
We are meeting with Susann next Sunday,
would you like to come along?
to say what you want to do or have I would like a piece of cheese.
ought to
the right thing to do We ought to apologize.

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