Психология зависимости. Макушина О.П. - 24 стр.

ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ, ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ, ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨɲɧɨɬɚ, ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɹ.
      ȼ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɡɵ.
      ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ ɧɚ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɟ: ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɹɬ-
ɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ, ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɥɭ ɬɟɩɥɚ,
ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɩɪɨɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɥɟɝ-
ɤɨ. ɋɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɠɟɧɨ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɪɚɱɟɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ-
ɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ.
      ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ – ɮɚɡɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɟɥɶɹ, ɛɟɫɩɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɢ.
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɫɦɟɹɬɶɫɹ, ɩɟɬɶ, ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɹɫɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ,
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɹɪɤɢɦɢ, ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɦɢ, ɡɜɭɤɢ
ɢɫɤɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ. Ɉɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɟɥɨ ɤɚ-
ɠɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɝɤɢɦ, ɱɚɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɢ-
ɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɧɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ, ɨɩɶ-
ɹɧɟɜɲɢɣ ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɦ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɬ ɜɟɫɟɥɨɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɞ-
ɧɹɬɨɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɭɯɭɞɲɢɬɶ
ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ.
       ȿɫɥɢ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɮɚɡɚ «ɦɭɥɶɬɢɤɨɜ», ɧɚɩɥɵɜ
ɝɚɥɥɸɰɢɧɚɰɢɣ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ. Ƚɚɥɥɸɰɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɹɪɤɢɟ, ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɟ,
ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ, ɩɪɨɟɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɜɧɟ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ, ɢ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɜɲɢɣ ɭɠɟ
ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ. ɋɥɭɯɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɦɚɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɲɭɦ, ɡɜɨɧ, ɝɭ-
ɞɟɧɢɟ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜ, ɝɪɨɦɤɨɫɬɶ
ɞɚɥɟɤɢɯ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ, ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɷɯɨ.
      Ȼɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɦɚɧɵ ɨɫɹɡɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɬɟɥɭ ɩɨɥɡɚɸɬ ɦɵɲɢ
ɢ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɟ, ɡɭɛɵ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ, ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɟ-
ɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɟɛɹ, ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɬɟɥɨ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ. ɉɫɢɯɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛ-
ɪɚɡɧɵ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɧɵ, ɨɛɜɚɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ
ɢɧɵɦ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɦ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɜɲɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɢɧɵɯ ɦɢɪɚɯ.
Ƚɚɥɥɸɰɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ, ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫ-
ɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɞɟɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ. ɇɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɧɭɬ,
ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ-
ɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɭɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɹ-
ɥɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɞɨɡɚɯ – ɬɨɲɧɨɬɚ, ɪɜɨɬɚ.
      Ɍɨɤɫɢɤɨɦɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɞɞɢɤɰɢɢ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɦɚɧɢɢ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ – ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɜ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ,

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