Психология зависимости. Макушина О.П. - 25 стр.

ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ
ɦɨɡɝɟ, ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
      Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɦɚɧɢɢ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ. ɍ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ
ɪɚɡ ɷɣɮɨɪɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ
ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ – ɪɜɨɬɨɣ, ɬɨɲɧɨɬɨɣ, ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɸ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵ-
ɡɜɚɥɨ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɢɝɧɚɥɹɧɬɨɜ. ȼɪɚɱɢ
ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɭ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɸ ɭɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ 4–5 ɫɟɚɧɫɨɜ.
      Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ. ɂɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤ-
ɰɢɢ – ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ, ɬɨɲɧɨɬɚ. Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ,
ɨɩɶɹɧɟɜɲɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɯɨɞɢɬɶ. ɋɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ, ɝɚɥɥɸɰɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ. ɋɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡ-
ɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɝɚɥɹɧɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɠ-
ɧɟɣ ɷɣɮɨɪɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ.
      ɇɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ (ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɷɬɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɨɤ) ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɨɱ-
ɧɨɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɨɤ ɡɚɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɦɚɧɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. ȼɫɟ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ. ȼɥɟɱɟ-
ɧɢɟ, ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɫɶ, ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɧɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɧɟ-
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɚ ɥɢɲɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɞɵɯɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨ-
ɪɢɬɟɥɢ, ɟɝɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɥɨɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ, ɝɪɭɛɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬ, ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɧ, ɚɩɩɟɬɢɬ, ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɟɞɵ, ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɚɛɫɬɢɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ,
ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ.
      ɋ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɚɛɫɬɢɧɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ-
ɧɵɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɦɚɧɚ ɥɢɲɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɤɚɬɨɜ, ɤ
ɤɨɧɰɭ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɭɩɚɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ, ɪɚɫ-
ɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɡɪɚɱɤɨɜ, ɞɪɨɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɭɤ, ɫɩɚɡɦɵ, ɞɪɨɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɤ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɨɬɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɫɭɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɵɲɰ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɟɣ ɢ ɡɥɨɛ-
ɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɵɟ
ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɚ, ɛɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɢ ɫ ɤɟɦ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ
ɦɵɲɟɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶ, ɧɟɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɦɵɲɰɚɯ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɞɚɠɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ: ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɚ ɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ, ɞɥɢɧɧɵɦɢ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ. Ɂɥɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢ-
ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨɦ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɨɪɦɨ-
ɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɫɤɨɣ, ɚɩɚɬɢɟɣ, ɨɰɟɩɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ.
      ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɟɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɨ-
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɍɠɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ 2–3 ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɜɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜ-
ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ
ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɟɞɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɫɥɚɛɨɭɦɢɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ (ɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɨ-
ɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ, ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɟ, ɫɤɭɞɧɵɟ) ɢ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ (ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ
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