Engineering MOSAIC. Мантатова С.С - 27 стр.

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UNIT XXI
Bend it like…
Before you start
1. Read the sentences 1-3 below. What does the word “smart” mean
in each one: clever, fashionable, or formal?
1. He wore a smart suit to the meeting.
2. She's the smartest girl in her class.
3. They stayed in a smart hotel in New York.
Reading
2. Look at the title of the text Smart materials. Do you think the
materials are clever, fashionable, or formal? Read the text and
check.
Smart materials
Smart - or shape memory - materials are an invention that has
changed the world of engineering. There are two types: metal alloys
and plastic polymers. The metal alloys were made first and they are
usually an expensive mixture of titanium and nickel.
Shape memory materials are called 'smart' because they react to
changes in their environment, for example:
• plastics that return to their original shape when the
temperature changes. One use is in surgery where plastic threads
'remember' the shape of a knot, react to the patient's body temperature
and make themselves into stitches;
• metal alloys that have a 'memory' and can return to their
original shape. They are used in medical implants that are
compressed so they can be put inside the patient's body through a
small cut. The implant then expands back to its original shape. More
everyday uses are for flexible spectacle frames and teeth braces;
• solids that darken in sunlight, like the lenses in some
sunglasses;
• liquid crystals that change shape and colour. These have been
used in climbing ropes that change colour if there is too much strain
and weight on them.
The future of these materials and their possible uses is limited
only by human imagination. One clever idea is that if cars were made
of smart metal, a minor accident could be repaired by leaving the car
in the sun!
3. Read the text again and choose the correct answers for questions
1-4 below:
1. Smart materials change when a. the weather changes.
b. something affects them.
с. the light is switched on.
2. Plastic threads are used for a. sewing.
b. stitching.
с. knitting.
3. Medical implants made from shape memory alloys are good
because
a. they save lives.
b. they change colour.
с. they are easy to put in.
4. Climbing ropes with liquid crystals change colour to
a. warn you.
b. amuse you.
с. make you heavy.
Vocabulary
4. Complete the definitions (1-7) below with the underlined words in
the text
1. An______ is something medical put inside the body, e.g. a heart
valve.
2. You need a good_________to think of new and interesting ideas.
3. _________are materials made from mixing two metals.
4. To_________ means to become bigger
5. To_________is to change because something else happens.
6. The_________is everything around a person or thing.
7. To be ___________means to be made smaller.
Speaking
5. Work with a partner. Choose one of the smart materials in the text.
Think of three interesting ways it could be used. Compare your ideas
with other students. How many original ideas are there in your
class? 
UNIT XXI                                                                  of smart metal, a minor accident could be repaired by leaving the car
Bend it like…                                                             in the sun!
Before you start                                                          3. Read the text again and choose the correct answers for questions
1. Read the sentences 1-3 below. What does the word “smart” mean          1-4 below:
in each one: clever, fashionable, or formal?                              1. Smart materials change when       a. the weather changes.
      1. He wore a smart suit to the meeting.                                                                   b. something affects them.
      2. She's the smartest girl in her class.                                                                  с. the light is switched on.
      3. They stayed in a smart hotel in New York.                        2. Plastic threads are used for      a. sewing.
Reading                                                                                                         b. stitching.
2. Look at the title of the text Smart materials. Do you think the                                              с. knitting.
materials are clever, fashionable, or formal? Read the text and           3. Medical implants made from shape memory alloys are good
check.                                                                    because
                           Smart materials                                      a. they save lives.
      Smart - or shape memory - materials are an invention that has             b. they change colour.
changed the world of engineering. There are two types: metal alloys             с. they are easy to put in.
and plastic polymers. The metal alloys were made first and they are       4. Climbing ropes with liquid crystals change colour to
usually an expensive mixture of titanium and nickel.                            a. warn you.
      Shape memory materials are called 'smart' because they react to           b. amuse you.
changes in their environment, for example:                                      с. make you heavy.
      • plastics that return to their original shape when the             Vocabulary
temperature changes. One use is in surgery where plastic threads          4. Complete the definitions (1-7) below with the underlined words in
'remember' the shape of a knot, react to the patient's body temperature   the text
and make themselves into stitches;                                        1. An______ is something medical put inside the body, e.g. a heart
      • metal alloys that have a 'memory' and can return to their         valve.
original shape. They are used in medical implants that are                2. You need a good_________to think of new and interesting ideas.
compressed so they can be put inside the patient's body through a         3. _________are materials made from mixing two metals.
small cut. The implant then expands back to its original shape. More      4. To_________ means to become bigger
everyday uses are for flexible spectacle frames and teeth braces;         5. To_________is to change because something else happens.
      • solids that darken in sunlight, like the lenses in some           6. The_________is everything around a person or thing.
sunglasses;                                                               7. To be ___________means to be made smaller.
      • liquid crystals that change shape and colour. These have been
used in climbing ropes that change colour if there is too much strain     Speaking
and weight on them.                                                       5. Work with a partner. Choose one of the smart materials in the text.
      The future of these materials and their possible uses is limited    Think of three interesting ways it could be used. Compare your ideas
only by human imagination. One clever idea is that if cars were made      with other students. How many original ideas are there in your
                                                                          class?

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