Составители:
Рубрика:
39
researches in IPTO became beneficial to different users because Licklider's main
mission was not only to design military tools but rather to realize his personal vision
of "Man-Computer Symbiosis". The next discoveries became stages of such a world
wide enterprise as the Internet.
One of these stages was the project initiated by IPTO. It concerned the
development of computer process known as time-sharing: MIT scientists advanced
the idea to utilize the increasing power of few computers available to the research
community and make possible for several people to use the same computer
simultaneously. Time-sharing implementing furthered the interactive computing -
Licklider's and his associates’ dream. So was established the new trend in computer
development that would later become the Internet.
As a further step towards improvement of the networking was the proposal to
connect all computers in the research community via dial-up telephones. At the same
time, a number of computing specialists were carrying out the possibility of using so-
called packet-switching process in order to guarantee the security of military
command and control systems against any possible danger. The principle of packet-
switching relied on a computer network in which all the computers had equal status
and data forwarding capabilities. If a user then wanted a set of data transmitted from
one computer to another, regardless of the distance, the transmitting computer would
break up the data in small packets measuring only a few bytes.
These packets contained information as to their point of origin, their
destination on the network, as well as the information which would enable the
computer on the receiving end to reassemble the data set as soon as all packets had
arrived.
The fledgling network required a wide range of serious studies. But the most
important work was the implementing of communications setting termed as protocol
which was nothing but a code of rules for interconnecting various computers. It
would enable the diverse number of computer hardware and operating systems to
communicate. Protocols became a kind of lingua franca among the connected
computers.
In 1969 the first network computers, or IMP (Interface Message Processor)
were ready. As related by the networking pioneer and then graduate student Vincent
Cerf, the hardware was an immediate success: when they turned the IMP on, it just
started running. Thus ARPA succeeded in creating the first effective long-distance
computer network which was named ARPANET.
Notes:
lingua franca – специальный язык общения для людей имеющих разные
национальные языки
COMPREHENSION CHECK
Exercise 1. Find the suitable endings of the following sentences according to
information in the text.
1. ARPA became the answer … a) became beneficial to different uses.
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
