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70
Exercise 2. Match the antonyms.
Verbs
1 2
1. suffice
2. separate
3. succeed
4. input
a) fail
b) produce
c) not to be enough
d) spend
e) unite
f) manage
g) output
Adjectives
1 2
1. reliable
2. weak
3. complicated
4. rough
5. modern
a) strong
b) exact
c) valuable
d) insecure
e) simple
f) out of date
g) attractive
h) interactive
Scan-reading
TRANSLATING MACHINES
Jokes about the uselessness of machine translation abound. The Control
Intelligence Agency was said to have spent millions trying to program computers to
translate Russian into English. The best it managed to do was to turn the famous
Russian saying "The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak" into "The vodka is good
but the meat is rotten". This story is a myth. But machine translation certainly
produced its share of howlers and was too much relied upon.
It was Japanese researchers who moved by the linguistic barrier that seemed
sometimes to separate their country's scientists and technicians from the rest of the
world made energetic steps toward a reliable machine translation. Their efforts were
imitated in the West.
The earliest "translation engines" were based on a direct, so called
"Transformer" approach. Input sentences of the source language were transformed
directly into output sentences of the target language. At first the machine did a rough
analysis of the source sentence dividing it into subject-object-verb, etc. Then source
words were replaced by target words selected from a dictionary and their order was
rearranged according to the rules of the target language.
These rough operations with earlier machines resulted in a simplified
transformation fraught with these silly sentences so much laughted at now.
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