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document that describes the process, progress, and or results of technical or scientific
research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem. It might also
include recommendations and conclusion of the research. Unlike other scientific
literature, such as scientific journals and the proceedings of some academic
conferences, technical reports rarely undergo comprehensive independent peer review
before publication. Where there is a review process, it is often limited to within the
originating organization. Similarly, there are no formal publishing procedures for
such reports. Technical reports are today a major source of scientific and technical
information. They are prepared for internal or wider distribution by many
organizations, most of which lack the extensive editing and printing facilities of
commercial publishers. Technical reports are often prepared for sponsors of research
projects. Another case where a technical report may be produced is when more
information is produced for an academic paper than is acceptable to publish in a peer-
reviewed publication; examples of this include in-depth experimental details,
additional results, or the architecture of a computer model.
There is another classification of reports: an informative report and an indicative
report.
An informative report or a report – précis contains all the main ideas and facts
concerning with the methods of research and an equipment used in this research. It’s
the most popular form of a report. An indicative report shows the ideas connected
with the theme of the original.
Reports can be classified according to the quantity of the literature used for making
reports.
A monograph report is a report made on the basis of one original source.
An illustrative report is a report made on the basis of three or more sources.
A report has particular parts. It consists of three parts.
1) The first part is a bibliographical description of the original source. When a report
contains many abbreviations or acronyms, they may be listed with their definitions
before the body of the report, even though they must be explained in the text when
first appearing unless they are standard units of measurement. Only standard
abbreviations shall be used since non-standard abbreviations can be extremely
confusing.
2) The second part is the body of the report. The body or the core of the report shall
be structured according to its content and complexity. The core of report represents
the main part of the document and shall permit the reader to understand its content
(theory, methods, results). Topics should be presented in logical sequence. The
structure of the core depends on the type of the document itself (handbook, research
protocol, progress report, etc.). The instructions to authors can show different levels
for titles but it is up to the author to decide how to organize it. Figures and tables
essential to the understanding of the text are included in the core of the report, but
when information is too detailed (i.e. many tables or figures on the same subject) as
to interrupt the flow of the text, it should be presented in appendices, which may
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