Рубрика:
96
valid = reasonable and generally accepted
III. Presentation Structure
Every public speech (presentation) needs a subject and a purpose. Before you
can begin gathering and organizing information for your speech, you must select a
topic and clearly understand its purpose. For example, your purpose might be to
inform people about an unfamiliar subject, or to persuade them to change their
opinion about an issue. The main purpose of speaking to inform is to present
information to an audience so that they will understand and remember it.
Your goal in making an informative talk is to state your ideas as simply and as
clearly as possible. The major purpose of a persuasive speech is to get others to
change their feelings, beliefs, or behavior. Your goal in making a persuasive speech
is to convince your listeners to do what you want them to do or to change their
opinion about something to agree with your.
Presentations need to be very straightforward and logical. It is important that
you avoid complex structures and focus on the need to explain and discuss your work
clearly. Think about how you will organize your content. Your presentation should
have a clear, coherent structure and cover the points you wish to make in a logical
order.Because an audience cannot turn back the page and check what you wrote, it is
very easy for them to lose the thread of your spoken argument. Structure is therefore
even more important in presentations than it is in written reports, and needs to be
emphasized at frequent intervals. The old advice “tell them what you are going to
say, say it, and then tell them what you have said” still holds good.
An ideal structure for a presentation includes:
• a welcoming and informative introduction;
• a coherent series of main points presented in a logical sequence;
• a lucid and purposeful conclusion.
It is possible to break these three broad sections down further.
1. Introductory Section
The introduction is the point at which the presenter explains the content and
purpose of the presentation. This is vitally important part of your talk as you will
need to gain the audience’s interest and confidence. Use the introduction to welcome
your audience, explain your objectives, introduce your topic/subject, indicate the
main points you will be making and how you will structure these, provide guidelines
on questions, say how long you will be talking for.
Key elements of an effective introduction include:
• a positive start: “Good afternoon, my name is …” (who)
• a statement of what will be discussed: “I’m going to explore …” (why)
• a statement of the treatment to be applied to the topic (e.g. to compare,
contrast, evaluate, describe): “I’ll be comparing the four main principles of…”
(what)
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