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97
• a statement of the outcomes of the presentation: “I hope this will provide us
with …” (why)
• a statement of what the audience will need to do (e.g. when they can ask
questions or whether or not they will need to take notes): “I’ll pass round a
handout that summarizes my presentation before taking questions at the end”.
(how)
Experts in communication say that the first three minutes of a presentation are the
most important. They talk about “hooks” – simple techniques for getting, the
immediate attention of the audience. Here’s how the experts suggest you get the
immediate attention of the audience:
1. Give them a problem to think about.
2. Begin your speech with some amazing facts.
3. Give them a story or personal anecdote.
4. Begin your speech with a well-known quotation.
5. Address the audience’s needs and concerns by telling them what benefits they
will gain from listening to you.
6. Ask something and then go on to answer it yourself.
2. Main section (the body of your presentation)
Now that your listeners know exactly what you are going to talk about or what
your specific persuasive topic is it is time to present your information or present
support and evidence which will convince them to agree with you. Be sure to present
the main parts of your speech just the way you said you would. The sequence of your
main points should be directly influenced by the purpose of your presentation.
Always remember that the aim is to communicate issues in manageable sections or
building blocks, helping the audience to piece their understanding together as you
work through your material.
After you have identified your main points, you should embellish them with
supporting information. For example, add clarity to your argument through the use of
diagrams, illustrate a link between theory and practice, or substantiate your claims
with appropriate data.
Use the supporting information to add colour and interest to your talk, but
avoid detracting from the clarity of your main points by overburdening them with too
much detail.
Make your presentation easy to comprehend by using sequence words (firstly,
finally, etc.) Use them to connect your ideas and give structure to the whole
argument.
When presenting orally, you will need to give additional pointers to internal
structure within your main body. When you have finished dealing with one point,
signal this by a brief summary, of the point just made, and then a short statement of
the point you are about to start. You can do this easily and effectively, using simple
phrases as “signposts” (transitions or sequencers) to help the audience negative their
way through your presentation. They can help divide information up into subsections,
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