Computer World. Матросова Т.А. - 14 стр.

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13
offer a whopping 64 KB of memory.) The keyboard and small monochrome display
both fit in the same one-piece unit. Like the Apple II, the PET ran on MOS
Technology's 6502. Its $795 price, key to the Pet's popularity supplied only 4 KB of
RAM but included a built-in cassette tape drive for data storage and 8-KB version of
Microsoft BASIC in its 14-KB ROM.
Radio Shack TRS-80
Remember the Trash 80? Sold at local Radio Shack stores in your choice of
color (Mercedes Silver), the TRS-80 was the first ready-to-go computer to use Zilog's
Z80 processor.
The base unit was essentially a thick keyboard with 4 KB of RAM and 4 KB of
ROM (which included BASIC). An optional expansion box that connected by ribbon
cable allowed for memory expansion. A Pink Pearl eraser was standard equipment to
keep those ribbon cable connections clean.
Much of the first software for this system was distributed on audiocassettes
played in from Radio Shack cassette recorders.
Osborne 1 Portable
By the end of the 1970s, garage start-ups were pass. Fortunately there were
other entrepreneurial possibilities. Take Adam Osborne, for example. He sold
Osborne Books to McGraw-Hill and started Osborne Computer. Its first product, the
24-pound Osborne 1 Portable, boasted a low price of $1795. More important,
Osborne established the practice of bundling software. Business was looking good
until Osborne preannounced its next version while sitting on a warehouse full of
Osborne IS. Oops. Reorganization followed soon thereafter.
Xerox Star
This is the system that launched a thousand innovations in 1981. The work of
some of the best people at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) went into it.
Several of these – the mouse and a desktop GUI with icons – showed up two years
later in Apple's Lisa and Macintosh computers. The Star wasn't what you would call a
commercial success, however. The main problem seemed to be how much it cost. It
would be nice to believe that someone shifted a decimal point somewhere: The
pricing started at $50,000.
IBM PC
Irony of ironies that someone at mainframe-centric IBM recognized the business
potential in personal computers. The result was in 1 981 landmark announcement of
the IBM PC. Thanks to an open architecture, IBM's clout, and Lotus 1-2-3
(announced one year later), the PC and its progeny made business micros legitimate
and transformed the personal computer world. The PC used Intel’s 16-bit 8088, and
for $3.000, it came with 64 KB of RAM and a floppy drive. The printer adapter and
monochrome monitor were extras, as was the color graphics adapter.

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