Computer World. Матросова Т.А. - 15 стр.

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14
Compaq Portable
Compaq's Portable almost single-handedly created the PC clone market.
Although that was about all you could do with it single-handedly – it weighed a ton.
Columbia Data Products just preceded Compaq that year with the first true IBM PC
clone but didn't survive. It was Compaq's quickly gained reputation for engineering
and quality, and its essentially 100 percent IBM compatibility (reverse-engineering,
of course), that legitimized the clone market. But was it really designed on a napkin?
Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100
Years before PC-compatible subnotebook computers, Radio Shack came out
with a book-size portable with a combination of features, battery life, weight, and
price that is still unbeatable. (Of course, the Z80-based Model 100 didn't have to run
Windows.)
The $800 Model 100 had only an 8-row by 40-column reflective LCD (large at
the time) but supplied ROM-based applications (including text editor,
communications program, and BASIC interpreter), a built-in modem, I/O ports,
nonvolatile RAM, and a great keyboard. Wieghing under 4 pounds, and with a
battery life measured in weeks (on four AA batteries), the Model 100 quickly became
the first popular laptop, especially among journalists. With its battery-backed RAM,
the Model 100 was always in standby mode, ready to take notes, write a report, or go
on-line. NEC’ s PC 8201 was essentially the same Kyocera-manufectured system.
Apple Macintosh
App le
’
s Macintosh and its GUI generated even more excitement than the IBM
PC. Apple's R&D people were inspired by critical ideas from Xerox PARK (and
practiced on Apple's Lisa) but added many of their own ideas to create a polished
product that changed the way people use computers.
The original Macintosh used Motorola's 16-bit 68000 microprocessor. At
$2,495, the system offered a built-in-high-resolution monochrome display, the Mac
OS, and a single-button mouse. With only 128 KB of RAM, the Mac was
underpowered at first. But Apple included some key applications that made the
Macintosh immediately useful. (It was MacPaint that finally showed people what a
mouse is good for.)
IBM AT
George Orwell didn't foresee the AT in 1984. The IBM AT set new standards
for performance and storage capacity. Intel's blazingly fast 286 CPU running at 6
MHz and 16-bit bus structure gave the AT several times the performance of previous
IBM systems. Hard drive capacity doubled from 10 MB to 20 MB, and the cost per
megabyte dropped dramatically. New 16-bit expansion slots meant new (and faster)
expansion cards but maintained downward compatibility with old 8-bit cards. These
hardware changes and new high-density 1.2-MB floppy drives meant a new version
of PC-DOS (the dreaded 3.0).

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