Computer World. Матросова Т.А. - 93 стр.

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92
International (PSI), which was formed by a subset of the officers and directors of
NYSERNET, the NSF-sponsored regional network in New York and the lower New
England states.
Beginning in 1990, Internet use was growing by more than 10 percent a month.
This expansion was fueled significantly by the enormous growth on the NSFNET and
included a major commercial and international component. NSF helped to stimulate
this growth by funding both incremental and fundamental improvements in Internet
routing technology as well as by encouraging the widespread distribution of network
software from its supercomputer centers. Interconnections between commercial and
other networks are arranged in a variety of ways, including through the use of the
Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX), which was established, in part, to facilitate
packet exchanges among commercial service providers.
Recently, the NSF decided that additional funding for the NSFNET backbone no
longer was required. The agency embarked on a plan to make the NSF regional
networks self supporting over a period of several years. To assure the scientific
research community of continued network access, NSF made competitively chosen
awards to several parties to provide network access points (NAPs) in four cities. NSF
also selected MCI to provide a very high speed backbone service, initially at 155
mbps, linking the NAPs and several other sites, and a routing arbiter to oversee
certain aspects of traffic allocation in this new architecture.
The Internet Society was formed in 1992 by the private sector to help promote
the evolution of the Internet, including maintenance of the Internet standards process.
In 1992, the IAB was reconstituted as the Internet Architecture Board, which became
part of the Internet Society. It delegated its decision-making responsibility on Internet
standards to the leadership of the IETF, known as the Internet Engineer ing Steering
Group (IESG). While not a part of the Internet Society, the IETF produces technical
specifications as possible candidates for future protocols. The Internet Society now
maintains the Internet Standards Process, and the work of the IETF is carried out
under its auspices.
TEXT 8
CRASH-PROOF COMPUTI NG
Here's why today's PCs are the most crash-prone computers ever built and how
you can make yours more reliable.
Men are from Mars. Women are from Venus. Computers are from hell.
At least that's how it seems when your system suddenly crashes, wiping out an
hour of unsaved work. But it doesn't have to be that way. Some computers can and do
run for years between reboots. Unfortunately, few of those computers are PCs.
If mainframes, high-end servers, and embedded control systems can chug along
for years without crashing, freezing, faulting, or otherwise refusing to function, then
why can't PCs? Surprisingly, the answer has only partly to do with technology. The
biggest reason why PCs are the most crash-prone computers ever built is that

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