English Reader. Мишустина В.Д. - 32 стр.

     - a large company is said to be privately owned …;
     - the names of companies are known to reflect …;
     - the company was believed to go bankrupt …;
     - Henry Ford was said to begin a small enterprise … .

    8.1.4 Просмотрите текст и найдите предложения со следующими словами и
словосочетаниями, попытайтесь перевести эти предложения без словаря:

     A partnership or a company; The key factor; sales of shares; the names of
companies; English-speaking countries; anonymous; with separate designations; to
have their shares traded; to be privately owned; to bear the title.

      Текст
      The heart of capitalism is private ownership, and a limited liability company
allows people to own almost anything - from skyscrapers to television stations -
without risking their personal assets should the company go bankrupt.
      An individual, like Henry Ford, might want to begin a small enterprise and
personally retain total responsibility and liability, but once it starts to grow, a
partnership or a «company» - such as Ford Motor Company - would need to be
formed. The key factor in owning any company is the guarantee called limited
liability: the owners of a company never have to pay more than they invested in the
company. Their liabilities are limited. When a company goes bankrupt, the owners
can never be required to pay its unpaid bills.
      The worst that can happen to investors in a limited liability company is losing
their initial investment if the company fails. By limiting the downside risk for
shareholders, companies are able to attract equity investors and raise large amounts of
funds called equity capital through sales of shares rather than by borrowing money at
potentially high interest rate.
      The names of companies around the world reflect this guarantee of limited
liability. The abbreviations «GmbH» in Germany, «Inc.» in the United States, or
«Ltd.» in most other English-speaking countries indicate that the firm is a limited
liability company and investors have nothing more to lose than the money invested in
their shares. The «S.A.» in French- and Spanish-speaking countries also refers to
limited liability by defining shareholders as «anonymous». Since the identity of
shareholders can be kept secret, the creditors of a bankrupt company have no right to
pursue them for the company’s unpaid debts.
      Many countries make a clear distinction between public and private companies,
with separate designation, such as AG and GmbH in Germany, or Plc and Ltd. in
Britain. Generally, «public» companies are those large enough to have their shares
traded on stock exchanges, while smaller unquoted companies are said to be
«private», even though their shares can be held by the public at large.

     In some countries, a large company is said to be privately owned if its shares are
not available to the general public. In the United States, where little distinction is

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