English Reader. Мишустина В.Д. - 49 стр.

    - to begin producing goods… .
    b) the problem being discussed by the company… - проблема, обсуждаемая
компанией …

   Формула:      N + (being + V3)

     - the money being transferred to Swiss banks…;
     - bonds being issued by the government…;
     - the money being borrowed by the businesman…;
     - the organization being effectively run…;
     - trade barriers being imposed by one country… .

     13.1.4 Просмотрите текст и найдите предложения со следующими словами
и словосочетаниями, попытайтесь перевести эти предложения без словаря:

    Eurodollars; a New York bank; petrodollars in Europe; U.S. dollar bonds; The
Eurobond market; bearer bond; could issue bonds more cheaply; Companies and
governments.

      Текст
      During the cold war, the Soviet Union was reluctant to put too much of its U.S.
dollar reserves under the control of the authorities in the United States. It turned
instead to European banks to keep these dollars abroad, and those reserves became
known as Eurodollars. Today, any currency held abroad, even outside Europe, is
called a Eurocurrency. Japanese yen being held in a New York bank, for example,
are called Euroyen, and French francs being Eurofranks.
      In the 1970s, a huge market developed for Eurocurrencies when Arab oil
producers, following the example of the Soviet Union, began keeping a large part of
their newly earned petrodollars in Europe. This flood of foreign capital needed to be
invested, so banks began issuing U.S. dollar bonds, outside the control and
regulations of the United States government. These were called Eurobonds because
they were issued outside of the country of their currency. Banks and securities houses
then began issuing Eurobonds in all of the world's other major currencies such as
Japanese yen, German marks, Australian dollars, and French francs.
      The Eurobond market grew enormously settling during the 1980s. Money began
to pour into these unregulated "foreign" markets, settling mainly in London where
taxes and restrictions on trading were minimal. Investors also liked the fact that most
Eurobonds were bearer bonds. Unlike registered bonds, bearer bonds allow investors
to remain anonymous, giving them the opportunity to avoid reporting the interest
earnings to the tax authorities at home.
      When American corporations found that they could issue bonds more cheaply in
the Eurobond market and with fewer restrictions than in the United States, there was
a surge of London-based Eurobond activity. Companies and governments from
around the world began issuing many of their securities in the Eurobond market,
often at less cost than in their home markets.
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