ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
3
I. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ-
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ⱥ
1. Ʉɚɤɨɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ?
2. Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ (ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ) ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ?
3. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɮɚɡ? Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɡɵ.
4. Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ? Ʉɚɤ ɷɬɚ ɜɟ-
ɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ?
5. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ W = – dN / Vdt ɢ W = – dC / dt ( N ɢ C –
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɦɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ)?
6. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ? ɑɬɨ ɨɡ-
ɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ W = – dC
Ⱥ
/ dt ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ Ⱥ ĺ ȼ?
7. Ʉɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ? Ʉɚɤɨɜ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
8. ɑɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɦ (ɩɨɥɧɵɦ)
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
9. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦ, ɞɪɨɛɧɵɦ, ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ?
10. Ɉɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ? Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɡ-
ɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
11. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ-
ɤɨɜ?
12. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ?
13. ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ? ɑɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɯɟ-
ɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
14. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬ-
ɪɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ: ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ?
15. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ?
ɉɪɢ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɧ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ?
16. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟ-
ɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ? Ʉɚɤɨɜɚ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ?
17. ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɪɟ-
ɚɤɰɢɣ. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ?
I. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ-
ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ Ⱥ
1. Ʉɚɤɨɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ?
2. Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ (ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ) ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ?
3. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ
ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɮɚɡ? Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɡɵ.
4. Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ? Ʉɚɤ ɷɬɚ ɜɟ-
ɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ?
5. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ W = – dN / Vdt ɢ W = – dC / dt ( N ɢ C –
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɦɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ)?
6. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ? ɑɬɨ ɨɡ-
ɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ W = – dCȺ / dt ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ Ⱥ ĺ ȼ?
7. Ʉɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ? Ʉɚɤɨɜ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
8. ɑɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɦ (ɩɨɥɧɵɦ)
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
9. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦ, ɞɪɨɛɧɵɦ, ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ?
10. Ɉɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ? Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɡ-
ɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
11. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ-
ɤɨɜ?
12. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ?
13. ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ? ɑɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɯɟ-
ɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ?
14. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬ-
ɪɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ: ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ?
15. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ?
ɉɪɢ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɧ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ?
16. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟ-
ɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ? Ʉɚɤɨɜɚ ɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ?
17. ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɪɟ-
ɚɤɰɢɣ. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ?
3
