Основные представления и законы химической кинетики. Теоретические основы кинетики гомогенных реакций. Миттова И.Я. - 5 стр.

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3. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨ-
ɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ:
Ɋ
ɧɚɱ
, ɬɨɪɪ 300 500
ȉ
1/2
, ɦɢɧ 23,96 24,0
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
4. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ N
2
+ 3H
2
= 2NH
3
ɩɨ ɤɨɦ-
ɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ.
5. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ 1 ɞɨ 3 ɦɨɥɶ / ɥ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨ-
ɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 3 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ 20 ɦɢɧɭɬ. ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɤɨɧ-
ɫɬɚɧɬɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
6. ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ Ⱥ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɨ ɫ ȼ ɢ ɋ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ
(ɋ
0
= 1 ɦɨɥɶ / ɥ). ɑɟɪɟɡ 1000 ɫ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ 50 % ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ⱥ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɳɟ-
ɫɬɜɚ Ⱥ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ 2000 ɫ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ?
7. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ H
2
+ Ar = 2H + Ar ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ 3000 Ʉ ɪɚɜɧɨ 2,2 · 10
4
ɥɦɨɥɶ
–1
ɫ
–1
. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟ-
ɥɢɬɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
[H
2
] = 4,1 · 10
–3
M ɢ [Ar] = 4,1 · 10
–4
M. ɉɪɢ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-
ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɞɜɨɟ?
8. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ Ⱥ ĺ ȼ + ɋ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ
[A
0
] = 1,0 Ɇ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ k = 0,05 ɦɨɥɶ ɥ
–1
ɦɢɧ
–1
?
9. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɚ ɜɞɜɨɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɞ-
ɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟ-
ɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ.
10. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
2Ⱥļȼ + ɋ?
11. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɚɡɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ NO ɩɪɢ 1030 Ʉ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɷɤɫ-
ɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɡɨɬɚ:
Ɋ
ɧɚɱ
, ɬɨɪɪ 360 290 139 52,5
ȉ
1/2
, ɫ 212 255 470 860
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
12. Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ? ɍ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ?
3. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɰɟɬɨɧɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨ-
   ɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ:
      Ɋɧɚɱ, ɬɨɪɪ 300          500
      ȉ1/2, ɦɢɧ     23,96     24,0
   Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
4. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 ɩɨ ɤɨɦ-
   ɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ.
5. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ 1 ɞɨ 3 ɦɨɥɶ / ɥ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨ-
   ɥɭɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ 3 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ 20 ɦɢɧɭɬ. ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɤɨɧ-
   ɫɬɚɧɬɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.
6. ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ Ⱥ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɨ ɫ ȼ ɢ ɋ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ
   (ɋ0 = 1 ɦɨɥɶ / ɥ). ɑɟɪɟɡ 1000 ɫ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ 50 % ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ⱥ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɳɟ-
   ɫɬɜɚ Ⱥ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ 2000 ɫ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ?
7. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ H2 + Ar = 2H + Ar ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
   ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ 3000 Ʉ ɪɚɜɧɨ 2,2 · 104 ɥ˜ɦɨɥɶ–1 ˜ ɫ–1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟ-
   ɥɢɬɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ
   [H2] = 4,1 · 10–3 M ɢ [Ar] = 4,1 · 10–4 M. ɉɪɢ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-
   ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɪɝɨɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɞɜɨɟ?
8. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
   ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ Ⱥ ĺ ȼ + ɋ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ
   [A0] = 1,0 Ɇ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ k = 0,05 ɦɨɥɶ ˜ ɥ–1 ˜ ɦɢɧ–1?
9. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɚ ɜɞɜɨɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɞ-
   ɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟ-
   ɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ.
10. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
   2Ⱥ ļ ȼ + ɋ?
11. Ⱦɥɹ ɝɚɡɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ NO ɩɪɢ 1030 Ʉ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɷɤɫ-
   ɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟ-
   ɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɡɨɬɚ:
          Ɋɧɚɱ, ɬɨɪɪ 360         290     139      52,5
          ȉ1/2, ɫ      212       255      470      860
   Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
12. Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɲɟ-
   ɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ? ɍ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɲɟ?




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