Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 18 стр.

            dental suffix: length, width, depth. This second analogy becomes
            a constraint on the working of the first. Moreover, the relationship
            of the adjective big with the rest of the system is even more
            unpredictable, as it is mostly correlated with the noun size. The
            semantic correlation then is as follows:
                  Short/shortness=narrow/narrowness=shallow/shallowness=
            long/length = wide/width=deep/depth=big/size.
                  At this point it will be helpful to remember that it is
            precisely the most frequent words that show irregular or
            suppletive derivation and inflection.
                  Having in view all these restrictions, we, nevertheless regard
            vocabulary as a lexico-semantic system because all its elements
            are in some relations of equivalence and contrast which hold
            between them, and are grouped into sets according to various
            features of equivalence.
                  So, lexico-semantic system is a combination of
            interdependent elements. A change in one part of the system
            brings a change into another one. (reed – камыш; read –
            читать).

                  II. Nowadays in English there are 450 000 words. Passive
            vocabulary is 30 000 to understand. Active vocabulary is 4-5 000
            to speak.
                   The basic word-stock implies our practical vocabulary. The
            words in it are neutral and frequent. The basic word-stock
            includes root words, derivatives and compounds. The basic word-
            stock includes different parts of speech, native and borrowed
            words.
                  The basic word-stock is a good building material for
            phrases: to go mad, to go on strike, to go one’s way, to go out of
            fashion; to make a date, to make friends, to make a long story
            short, to make a scene. The words from the basic word-stock are
            usually pollysemantic.

                 III. Archaisms are words which are no longer used in
            everyday speech, which have been ousted by their synonyms.

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