Химическая кинетика. Наумов А.В. - 23 стр.

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45
ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ......................................................................................................... 3
I.
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ
1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ................................................................. 4
2. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ................................................................ 6
3. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɫɫ ......................................................................... 8
4. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ .................................................................... 10
5. Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ................................................. 11
6. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.................................................................... 14
7. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ................................................. 16
8. Ɉ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɣ......................................................... 18
9. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ................................................................................ 20
10. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ.......................................................................... 22
11. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ.............................................................................. 25
II. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ....................................................................................... 27
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ................................................................... 30
III. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
1. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ «ɯɪɨɦɚɬ–ɛɢɯɪɨɦɚɬ».................. 31
2. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ pK
a
ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ......................................................... 33
3. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɬɢɨɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.................................................................................. 36
4. Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɞɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ............................................. 40
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ........................................................................................................ 42
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ......................................................................................................... 44
46
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɄɂɇȿɌɂɄȺ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ
ɇɚɭɦɨɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ
Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ
ɂ.Ƚ. ȼɚɥɵɧɤɢɧɚ
ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ 28.12.2007. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 60×84/16. ɍɫɥ. ɩɟɱ. ɥ. 2,7.
Ɍɢɪɚɠ 150 ɷɤɡ. Ɂɚɤɚɡ 2092.
ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ.
394000, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, ɩɥ. ɢɦ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, 10. Ɍɟɥ. 208-298, 598-026 (ɮɚɤɫ)
http://www.ppc.vsu.ru; e-mail: [email protected]
Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ.
394000, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, ɭɥ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɚɹ, 3. Ɍɟɥ. 204-133. 
                                        ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ......................................................................................................... 3

I. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ
    1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɫɬɟɯɢɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ................................................................. 4
    2. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ................................................................ 6
    3. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɫɫ ......................................................................... 8
    4. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ .................................................................... 10
    5. Ʉɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ................................................. 11                                                      ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
    6. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ.................................................................... 14
    7. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ................................................. 16
    8. Ɉ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɣ ......................................................... 18
    9. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ................................................................................ 20
   10. ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ.......................................................................... 22                               ɏɂɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɄɂɇȿɌɂɄȺ
   11. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
       ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ Ʌɟ ɒɚɬɟɥɶɟ.............................................................................. 25                          ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ

II. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɨɮɨɬɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɥɨɪɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
    1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ....................................................................................... 27
    2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ................................................................... 30                                          ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ
                                                                                                                                       ɇɚɭɦɨɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ
III. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
    1. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ «ɯɪɨɦɚɬ–ɛɢɯɪɨɦɚɬ».................. 31
    2. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ.                                                                                                          Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ
       Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ pKa ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ......................................................... 33                                                ɂ.Ƚ. ȼɚɥɵɧɤɢɧɚ
    3. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
       ɬɢɨɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ.................................................................................. 36
    4. Ʉɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɞɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ............................................. 40
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ........................................................................................................ 42
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ......................................................................................................... 44



                                                                                                                           ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ 28.12.2007. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 60×84/16. ɍɫɥ. ɩɟɱ. ɥ. 2,7.
                                                                                                                                             Ɍɢɪɚɠ 150 ɷɤɡ. Ɂɚɤɚɡ 2092.

                                                                                                                                           ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
                                                                                                                                     ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ.
                                                                                                                          394000, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, ɩɥ. ɢɦ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, 10. Ɍɟɥ. 208-298, 598-026 (ɮɚɤɫ)
                                                                                                                                   http://www.ppc.vsu.ru; e-mail: [email protected]

                                                                                                                           Ɉɬɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ-ɩɨɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ
                                                                                                                                   ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ.
                                                                                                                                394000, ɝ. ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ, ɭɥ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɚɹ, 3. Ɍɟɥ. 204-133.

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