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79
6. Initially, gold and other valuable metals were used (to keep
an account of / to store) wealth over time.
7. Large firms are supposed to have a better chance of obtaining
a loan from a bank than smaller firms, though there may be (exceptions /
exchanges).
8. Plastic cards are reported to be (accepted / deferred) for
payment only in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk and a
few other cities and there is no commonly (accepted / distinguished)
standard.
9. Due to poor communications across the country and the high
initial cost of introducing plastic cards, Russia (finally / temporarily)
has a less developed plastic card infrastructure than most European
countries.
3. Fill in prepositions or conjunctions if necessary:
1. The more goods are swapped ... other goods and services, the
more effort is wasted to find those ... whom these swaps can be made.
2. When Euro was first introduced, there was determined its
exchange rate ... a number ... European currencies and the US dollar.
3. ... I960 and 1985, UK exports as a share ... the GNP is
reported to have risen ... 20 percent ... nearly 30 percent.
4. Young families with children should be distinguished ... older
families ... no children living ... home, for they have different demands.
5. We must distinguish... the supply... factors... production to
the economy ... a whole and the supply ... factors to an individual firm
or industry.
6. Exchange may take the form ... barter in which goods or
services are traded directly ... other goods or services.
7. The firm is known to have been trading ... jewellery ... over a
hundred years.
8. ... the exception ... the initial period ... their use, all British
bank-notes were convertible ... gold until 1914. Convertibility ... a
restricted basis existed as long as 1925, and finally was abandoned ...
1931.
9. Goods and services are sold ... money and the latter is in its
turn exchanged ... other goods and services.
10. New forms... money are known to have been developed ...
the development ... the banking system.
80
C. FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
1. Find in Money and Its Functions:
1) sentences with the ... the ... (2);
2) conjunction for translating as «так как».
The ... the ... – чем ... тем ...
The more the better – Чем больше, тем лучше.
for – 1 prep для, за, на; в течение 2) cj (после запятой) так
как, потому что
for example, for instance – например
for + сущ. + инфинитив – для того, чтобы что-то было сде-
лано
2. Translate into Russian:
1. The greater a person's income, the more he will usually buy.
2. The higher the labour productivity, the lower the production
cost.
3. The higher is the demand, the higher can the price for the
commodity be.
4. The greater is the number of sellers in a market, the better
choice can a buyer make.
5. The more inelastic is the demand, the more will a tax fall on
purchasers rather than sellers.
6. The higher the real wage, the more individuals the labour
force comprises.
3. Choose the sentences with the Past Participles and
translate them into Russian:
1. If decreased, input prices will make the production less
expensive.
2. If kept accurately, accounts are easy to check.
3. If a man's assets have been found to be large, the banker
believes his chances of repaying the loan to be high.
4. When deferred, the wage should be indexed, which is not
actually done.
6. Initially, gold and other valuable metals were used (to keep C. FOCUS ON GRAMMAR an account of / to store) wealth over time. 1. Find in Money and Its Functions: 7. Large firms are supposed to have a better chance of obtaining 1) sentences with the ... the ... (2); a loan from a bank than smaller firms, though there may be (exceptions / 2) conjunction for translating as «так как». exchanges). 8. Plastic cards are reported to be (accepted / deferred) for The ... the ... – чем ... тем ... payment only in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk and a The more the better – Чем больше, тем лучше. few other cities and there is no commonly (accepted / distinguished) standard. for – 1 prep для, за, на; в течение 2) cj (после запятой) так 9. Due to poor communications across the country and the high как, потому что initial cost of introducing plastic cards, Russia (finally / temporarily) for example, for instance – например has a less developed plastic card infrastructure than most European for + сущ. + инфинитив – для того, чтобы что-то было сде- countries. лано 3. Fill in prepositions or conjunctions if necessary: 2. Translate into Russian: 1. The more goods are swapped ... other goods and services, the 1. The greater a person's income, the more he will usually buy. more effort is wasted to find those ... whom these swaps can be made. 2. The higher the labour productivity, the lower the production 2. When Euro was first introduced, there was determined its cost. exchange rate ... a number ... European currencies and the US dollar. 3. The higher is the demand, the higher can the price for the 3. ... I960 and 1985, UK exports as a share ... the GNP is commodity be. reported to have risen ... 20 percent ... nearly 30 percent. 4. The greater is the number of sellers in a market, the better 4. Young families with children should be distinguished ... older choice can a buyer make. families ... no children living ... home, for they have different demands. 5. The more inelastic is the demand, the more will a tax fall on 5. We must distinguish... the supply... factors... production to purchasers rather than sellers. the economy ... a whole and the supply ... factors to an individual firm 6. The higher the real wage, the more individuals the labour or industry. force comprises. 6. Exchange may take the form ... barter in which goods or services are traded directly ... other goods or services. 3. Choose the sentences with the Past Participles and 7. The firm is known to have been trading ... jewellery ... over a translate them into Russian: hundred years. 1. If decreased, input prices will make the production less 8. ... the exception ... the initial period ... their use, all British expensive. bank-notes were convertible ... gold until 1914. Convertibility ... a 2. If kept accurately, accounts are easy to check. restricted basis existed as long as 1925, and finally was abandoned ... 3. If a man's assets have been found to be large, the banker 1931. believes his chances of repaying the loan to be high. 9. Goods and services are sold ... money and the latter is in its 4. When deferred, the wage should be indexed, which is not turn exchanged ... other goods and services. actually done. 10. New forms... money are known to have been developed ... the development ... the banking system. 79 80
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