Технологические процессы в машиностроении. Никитенко В.М - 92 стр.

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183
ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɧɚ-
ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɢ
ɢ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ,
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ʌɢɬɶɟ ɛɟɡ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɥɢɜɤɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɦɨɥ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ
ɝɨɪɹɱɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɲɚɛɥɨɧɵ, ɩɭɚɧɫɨɧɵ ɢ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɩɪɟɫɫ-ɮɨɪɦ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɢɷɮɢɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɩɨɤ-
ɫɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɦɨɥ, ɫɬɢɪɚɤɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ.
ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ: ɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɥɢɬ,
ɬɪɭɛ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɟɦ.
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ: ɜɵɪɭɛɤɭ, ɩɪɨɛɢɜ-
ɤɭ, ɨɛɪɟɡɤɭ, ɡɚɱɢɫɬɤɭ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚ ɢ
ɩɪɨɛɢɜɤɚ.
ȼɵɪɭɛɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɢɜɤɭ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɪɭɛɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɦɩɚɯ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɤɨɧ-
ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɲɬɚɦɩɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɤɟ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ. ȼɵɪɭɛɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɢɜɤɭ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɪɚɰɢɨ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 3 ɦɦ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɛɟɡ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ.
Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɟɦ. ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬ-
ɤɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɪɟɠɭɳɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɨɨɛ-
ɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɤɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɪɚ-
ɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɠɭɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɇɢɡɤɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɜ
ɡɨɧɟ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɭ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ
ɬɟɪɦɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɠɨɝɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɭɝɥɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ. ɉɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɫɦɨɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɧɚɥɢɩɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɫɬ-
ɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɬɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɢɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɯɪɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɚɫɬɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɫ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɤɜɚɪɰ, ɚɫɛɟɫɬ,
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɢɡɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶɸ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɢɥɢ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ.
ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɝɨɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɨ-
ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɫ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɵɥɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ
ɝɚɡɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɟɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɢɣ ɭɝɥɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
184
Ɋɟɡɤɭ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 3 ɦɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɝɢɥɶɨɬɢɧɧɵɯ, ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɠɧɢɰ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3 ɦɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɸɬ ɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɢ-
ɥɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ, ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɩɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɟɡɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɟɡɧɵɦɢ ɚɥ-
ɦɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɭɝɚɦɢ. Ʌɟɧɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɢɥɵ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɬɟɩɥɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɢɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɢɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ; ɭɡɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ
ɞɥɹ ɮɢɝɭɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɤɢ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ – ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ. Ɋɟɡɤɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ
ɩɢɥɚɦɢ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ 250–1200 ɦ/ɦɢɧ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɢɥɚɦɢ — 250–
3000 ɦ/ɦɢɧ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɠɚɬɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ.
Ɍɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɪɟɠɭɳɢɯ
ɫɬɚɧɤɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɪɟɡɰɵ ɢɡ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɝ-
ɥɟɪɨɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ: ɚ <20°; ɭ = 15–20°; ɪ < 45° ɢ
Ʉ = 0. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɪɟɡɰɵ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢ
ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ ɫ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ: ɚ = 10–20°; ɭ = 10–20°;
Ɏ
= 45 ɢ Ʉ = 0.
Ɍɟɪɦɨɩɥɚɫɬɵ (ɨɪɝɫɬɟɤɥɨ, ɜɢɧɢɩɥɚɫɬ, ɩɨɥɢɚɦɢɞɵ) ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨ-
ɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ v = 200–1000 ɦ/ɦɢɧ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ t => 0,5–3 ɦɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ s
= 0,1 –0,2 ɦɦ/ɨɛ, ɮɟɧɨɩɥɚɫɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ —
ɫ v =; 170–180 ɦ/ɦɢɧ, t = 1,5–2,5 ɦɦ ɢ s = 0,1–0,2 ɦɦ/ɨɛ.
ɉɪɢ ɬɨɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɟɣ
ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɩɪɢ ɬɨɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ (ɝɟɬɢɧɚɤɫɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɥɨɝɨɜ, ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɬɨɜ) —
ɫɠɚɬɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ.
Ɏɪɟɡɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɪɟɡɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɚɧ-
ɤɚɯ. Ɏɪɟɡɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɮɪɟɡɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɟɠɭɳɟɣ
ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ ɡɚɬɨɱɤɢ, ɚ = 10– 15°, ɭ ɞɨ 20° ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ 200–250
ɦ/ɦɢɧ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ 0,1–0,4 ɦɦ/ɨɛ.
Ɋɟɚɤɬɨɩɥɚɫɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɮɪɟɡɚɦɢ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ
ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ, ɫ ɭɝɥɚɦɢ, ɚ = 10–25° ɢ ɭ = 10–15°, ɩɪɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ
125–200 ɦ/ɦɢɧ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ 0,1–0,3 ɦɦ/ɨɛ.
ɉɪɢ ɮɪɟɡɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ: ɮɪɟɡɟɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ ɡɚɤɪɟ-
ɩɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɢ; ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ
ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɪɭɠɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɮɪɟɡɵ ɫ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɭɛɶɹɦɢ ɫ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɧɚ-
ɤɥɨɧɚ 20–55°; ɩɪɢ ɮɪɟɡɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɟ ɮɪɟɡɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɠɚ-
ɬɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ (ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɩɥɚɫɬɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ).
ɋɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ, ɜ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ — ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɛɢ-
ɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ, ɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɪɟɠɢɦɵ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɫɦɚɡɤɢ ɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢ
ɱɚɫɬɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɫɜɟɪɥɚ ɢɡ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɠɤɢ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɪɥ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɨ-
ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɨɣ. Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɠɚɬɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ, ɚ

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