Английский язык. Методические указания. Никитина С.Я - 30 стр.

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general categories; many computation processes; an extremely large number;
mathematical equations; weather forecasting; financial planning; the accuracy of
calculation; computer-aided design; a wide range of occupations; are widely distributed;
throughout businesses; automatic machines; electronic industry
Ex. III. Copy the following terms and memorize their meanings:
1) mainframe (main frame) - универсальная вычислительная машина
2) computer-aided design - компьютерное (автоматизированное) проектирование
3) central processing unit (CPU) - центральный процессор
4) processing element - элемент процессора
5) circuit board - монтажная плата
6) printed circuit board - печатная плата
Ex. IV. Match the following words to the synonyms given in the box:
to vary; to occur; to enable; tasks of moderate complexity; to aid; hence; to evaluate; to
involve; purpose; occupation; extensively; draft; performance
widely; to make possible, to provide; intention, aim, objection, target, goal;
to happen; therefore; to differ; plan, drawing; to measure; not very difficult tasks;
to help; job, task; to include; work
TEXT 6
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
At present, there are four general categories of computers which vary widely in cost
and performance.
The Supercomputer. In the first and most expensive category are the ‘super’ computers,
such as the GRAY where not only is computation done at very fast speeds, but many
computation processes occur in parallel enabling a great amount of work to be done.
These computers are used for tasks where an extremely large number of mathematical
equations need to be solved numerically in a reasonably short time, often involving the
simultaneous input of large volumes of data; such a task is, for example, weather
forecasting.
The Main Frame. In the second category are the so-called ‘main frame’ computers;
examples of these are the IBM 3033, Univac 90/30 and ICL 2900. In these machines
computations are performed fast but with little parallelism. These machines are used for
large payrolls and other accounting tasks, factory management, financial planning and for
scientific and design problems where a large number of equations need to be solved.
The Minicomputer. In the third category are the minicomputers; calculations in these
machines are still reasonably fast; however, the basic word length is short, typically 32
bits, therefore the accuracy of calculation for some purposes has to be improved by using
several programming steps. These machines are used in the main
1
for tasks of moderate
complexity in the accounting, scientific and computer-aided design fields. They are also

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