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boards. 7. … Scientists are investigating … ways in which …oceans affect … climate.
8. … California was very badly affected by … forest fires.
Ex. 7. GRAMMAR REVISION: modal verb (can, to be able to).
In the following sentences you have to use can or be able to. Sometimes it
is possible to use either; sometimes only be able to is possible.
1. Jack has traveled much. He … speak three languages. 2. Tom … drive but he hasn’t
got a car. 3. Ask Val about your problem. He should … help you. 4. You… see a nice park
from our bedroom window. 5. I …sleep very well recently. 6. Bob … stand on his head
but he can’t do it now. 7.Tom won’t … come to see you tomorrow. 8. I can’t understand
Helen. I’ve never … understand her. 9. Martin … pass his finals successfully.10. You …
get something to drink from this vending machine. 11. My secretary … book us on a first-
class sleeper to Paris. 12. I think I … meet the Trade Union representatives next Tuesday.
Ex. 8. GRAMMAR REVISION: Participle II as an attributive.
Translate the following idioms into Russian using their definitions.
1. A confirmed bachelor is a man who from principle of long-established habits is not
likely to marry. 2. A forbidden fruit is something that is desired by a person and that is
made even more attractive by the fact that the person is unable or forbidden to obtain it.
3. An unwritten law is a long-established custom that is difficult to break or disobey.
4. A closed/sealed book is a person whose intentions, abilities, etc. are unknown, espe-
cially when these may influence a situation. 5. Architecture is sometimes called frozen
music. 6. A closed shop is the practice under which only people belonging to a recognized
trade union are employed in a factory or trade.
Ex. 9. GRAMMAR REVISION: -ing forms. Translate the following sentences
paying attention to different functions of – ing forms.
1. Tom’s coming back was unexpected. 2. Do you mind my opening the window?
3. I am tired of being told lies. 4. Thank you for supporting me at the meeting. 5. On enter-
ing the room he was surprised to see many people here. 6. The book is worth reading. 7. It
was no use crying. 8. I am surprised at being given such an easy task. 9. There is no
chance of catching the train. 10. Having answered all the questions he got quiet.
11. Hearing the news, the girl smiled pleasantly. 12. Being typed in a hurry, the article
contained many mistakes. 13. The promising help wouldn’t come. 14. The girl speaking
over the telephone put down the receiver and turned. 15. The children were amusing, play-
ing with a dog. 16. Scuba diving is thrilling to many people.17. I am thrilled by Franken-
stein movies. They are horrifying. 18.Generally speaking, I am not an early riser. 19. She
was kept waiting for a long time. 20. Did you see her taking the money?
Read the text and translate it with a dictionary if necessary.
T
HE IMPORTANCE OF DRAINAGE IN PRODUCING STABLE TRACK
Neglecting drainage has been used as a ‘convenient’ way of saving maintenance
money, but poor drainage creates a lubricating effect in ballast.
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