Английский язык. Методические указания для студентов 2 курса строительного факультета - 15 стр.

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Many factors come into play in any discussion of track stabilization, but the most
elementary and probably the most important one is the presence or absence of excess
moisture in and around the track roadbed. In a word, drainage.
The old sayings and rules about the importance of track drainage are known by eve-
rybody. “The first rule of good track maintenance is drainage, the second rule is more
drainage, and the third rule is even more drainage”. We also understand that the basic
function of track structure is to accept the loads imposed on rail by rolling stock and to
transmit those loads from rail to tie plate, to tie, to ballast and finally to subgrade.
Two of the basic elements of good track structure – ballast and subgrade – are af-
fected significantly by poor drainage. Too much moisture decreases the strength of the
roadbed’s foundation, creating a lot of maintenance problems.
Many recall the days when track maintenance was carried out manually and a fore-
man had intimate knowledge of local drainage situations and was able to make small, fre-
quent corrections to keep a high-quality drainage system functional. Now, the situation has
changed completely: much attention is paid to reballasting, rerailing, track upgrading.
These track maintenance works are being modernized. But as for drainage maintenance, it
is often neglected.
We have problems measuring drainage. We enjoy using units such as miles of rails
laid per day, man-hours per tie installed, or miles of track upgraded per hour when dis-
cussing track maintenance, yet there is no comparable, convenient measure of drainage.
Most railroads have budgets without an item specifically for drainage. They have
items for rails, ties, ballast and bridges, yet funds for drainage are hidden as part of an al-
lotment
1
that covers all sorts of maintenance. Neglecting drainage has been used as a
’convenient’ way of saving maintenance money for years, and is an example of false
economy.
Note: 1) allotment - ассигнования.
Ex. 10. Search the text for the English equivalents of the following Russian
phrases:
одним словом (короче говоря), передавать нагрузку, создавать массу проблем,
мастер, очень хорошо знать что-то.
Ex. 11. Go back to the text, guess the meaning of the following phrases and
translate them into Russian:
stable track, poor drainage, local drainage situations, to keep the system functional,
false economy.
Ex.12. Go back to the text and find the sentence close in meaning to the fol-
lowing statement:
When specialists solve the task to make railway track more stable they usually pay
attention to many factors.
Ex. 13. Go back to the text and complete the following statements:
1. There was a time when traffic was not as heavy as it is today, and a foreman ….
2. Often railway authorities want to save money by … .

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