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Shoulder ballast cleaning gives the track maintenance manager a good chance to sell
the old, but true concept that the first rule of good track maintenance is drainage, the sec-
ond rule is more drainage, and …
LESSON FOUR
Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words and word combinations:
obstacle, calamities, viaduct, aqueduct, trestle, canyon, industrial, avalanche;
arterial railways, natural and artificial obstacles, unfavorable environment effects.
Ex. 2. These are the key words to lesson 4. You are to copy them and
memorize their meanings.
Word-box:
a structure – сооружение,
civil engineering structures – гражданские сооружения;
constructional works – искусственные сооружения;
an overbridge – путепровод;
a trestle bridge – эстакада;
a culvert – дренажная галерея;
traffic flow – транспортный поток.
Ex. 3. Copy the following words and memorize their meanings.
an obstacle - препятствие,
to overcome obstacles – преодолевать препятствия;
to involve – вовлекать, привлекать, включать;
profit – выгода, прибыль,
profitable – выгодный, рентабельный,
to profit from – извлекать выгоду, получать прибыль от (чего-л).;
favorable - благоприятный;
artificial - искусственный;
a share - доля,
to share smth – своместно владеть чем-л., делить прибыль;
to exceed – превышать.
Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
1. The fact that nobody spoke English was a serious obstacle. 2. Skiers must beware
of rocks or other obstacles hidden by the snow. 3. The school has achieved improved exam
results by involving parents more in the education of their children. 4. If your plans for
having dinner involve me, please remember that I don’t like cauliflower. 5. The aim of the
game is to ride your motorcycle over or around all the obstacles as quickly as possible. 6.
The company’s profit at the end of last year was 3 million dollars. 7. Mr. Tate ran a highly
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