Английский язык. Никитина С.Я. - 21 стр.

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21
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N
EW JR EAST TRAINS OFFER MORE AT LOWER COST
JR East, Japan, is introducing a large fleet of series E231 emus on its commuter
network in the Tokyo area up to 2003. The first of these trains began operating on the
Chuo-Sobu suburban line last year.
(1) The fleet of series E231 emus currently being built will provide JR East with
1832 new cars by 2004. JR East is constructing the trains at its own Nitsu facilities, and
will employ them on its Chuo-Sobu, Tokuku, Joban, and Yamanote lines in Tokyo
during the next three years.
(2) The series E231 train was developed by JR East in partnership with Tokyo
Car Corporation as an eventual successor to the existing series 209 family, which
incorporates series E217 and 701 trains. Presently, there are more than 2000 of these
cars in operation on suburban services in Tokyo, representing about a quarter of the
total rolling stock in the region.
(3) JR East developed Series 209 trains under a half-cost, half-weight, half-
lifetime concept, and began introducing them in 1992. The replacement series E231 is
expected to improve passenger services, increase capacity, and reduce costs. A 10-car
prototype, completed in October 1998, entered service on the Chou-Sobu line in March
1999 and had been tested for a full year before series production started. Delivery of the
first train took place last year.
(4) The aim of developing the 120 km/h series E231 was to increase capacity by
50%, reduce the construction cost by 10%, compared with the series 209. New
computerized information technology was introduced to reduce costs and improve
performance.
(5) The series E231 is capable of operating either as an urban or suburban train.
Its acceleration, speed, and tractive effort can be modified by the software installed in
inverters, depending upon which version of the train is employed in service.
(6) It can operate in consists of five, ten, fifteen cars. A 10-car train comprises
four motorcars, two driving trailers, and four trailers. A 5-car train comprises two
motor cars, two driving trailers, and one trailer. Each car is 20m long between couplers
and 2.95m wide, with four 1.3m-wide sliding doors on each side. The lightweight
stainless steel bodyshell is the same as the series 209 trains. A crashworthy structure
was also developed for the suburban version of the E231 because of the additional risk
of a collision at level crossings. The driving trailer has blocks
1
made of aluminum
honeycomb
2
and stainless steel to absorb crash energy, while couplers between the
leading and second car incorporate a shock-absorbing buffer to reduce shock forces
throughout the train.
(7) The driver’s cab is ergonomically designed. The driver or conductor can
monitor and control on-board systems and equipment from the cab, which incorporates
a train information system (Tim). Among other functions, Tim controls air-conditioning
and braking, as well as detecting the number of passengers on board via load sensors.

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