Английский язык. Никитина С.Я - 44 стр.

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The hopper car is a car equipped with water supply system, ventilation and other
mechanisms necessary for live stock transportation. This makes unloading much faster and
cheaper. Covered hopper cars are used to carry oil, water, etc. As for open-top hopper
cars, they are used mainly for transportation of meat, milk, etc.
The double-deck car carrier, or rack car, is a special development of the standard
boxcar. In the rack car bricks are put on top of each other in two stacks. Powerful cranes
load bricks onto rack cars and special mechanisms fasten them to prevent load shift.
Carrier wagon is a specialized freight wagon for transportation of bulky and light
goods, such as high-power transformers, parts of hydraulic turbines, stators and rotors of
generators, columns, etc.
The refrigerator car is a special kind of carrier wagon used for hauling perishable
goods. To maintain required temperatures when transporting goods the refrigerator car is
equipped with refrigerating-heating system which can be operated only manually.
The dump car is a special type of freight car never used to carry iron ore and rock.
Railway practice shows that specialized freight cars have only advantages. On the
one hand, they provide safety of the goods transported as well as reduction of transport
costs. It takes less time to carry out loading and loading of freight when using these cars.
On the other hand, special-purpose freight wagons are not interchangeable, which means
that you can, for example, carry bulk materials in tank cars or vice versa.
LESSON ELEVEN
Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words and phrases :
Queensland, Brisbane, development, tonne, mechanisms, proportion, modified;
five hundred twenty-five high-capacity one hundred four tonne coal wagons, during
the years two thousand and two thousand one, four hundred fifty existing forty eight and
fifty seven tonne grain wagons, three hundred fifty sixty three tonne coal wagons.
Ex. 2. These are the key words to lesson 11.You are to copy them and
memorize their meanings.
Word-box:
a door seal – уплотнитель двери;
friction – трение;
rolling resistance – сопротивление качению;
efficiency – коэффициент полезного действия, кпд,
fuel efficiency – топливный кпд;
Ex. 3. The words given below have one and the same root, but their meanings
are different. Copy and memorize them: a cause – причина; to cause –
послужить причиной, поводом; because – потому что; because of - из-за.
Insert the right word in the following sentences.

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