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But the entrepreneurs often had early reputations as trouble-makers. “They
probably left school early, had several business disasters and are awkward
personalities. They are also intuitive and very determined.”
The most dramatic difference between entrepreneurs and corporation high-
fliers was that only five per cent of Cooper’s entrepreneurs had both parents present
throughout childhood, compared with 91 per cent of the intrapreneurs. In some cases
the parent had died, in others they had been absent for long periods. “Coping with
disaster early in life appears to give people vital resilience later on,” suggests
Cooper.
Nearly half of Cooper’s entrepreneurs also felt that they had been the victims
of discrimination early on - some were Jewish, some were immigrants, some were
just physically small.
But even if you are born poor and ugly to parents who refuse to absent
themselves from you, there’s still plenty you can do to influence your chance of
success. A range of courses and self-help manuals are available to help you forge
your way to the top.
Go into any large bookshop and you’ll find a section with titles such as The
Magic of Thinking Big, or Riches While You Sleep. There’s even a magazine called
Personal Success, filled with ads for courses that will “unleash the power within” or
“transform your thinking, behaviour and relationships”.
“Successful people,” says Breen, an organisational consultant, “are the ones
who, when something doesn’t work, try something else. Unsuccessful people keep
on doing the same thing, only harder.”
Most of today’s courses on positive thinking originate in America. Many start
by advising you to try “positive affirmations” such as this one from Success
Magazine. “Look in the mirror every morning and say to yourself: “You are rare,
unique and different. You were designed for accomplishment, engineered for
success.” Sounds embarrassing? Don’t forget that self-belief is crucial for success.
In his training programmes, Breen shows people how to banish negative
thoughts and put themselves in a more productive frame of mind. Motivation is the
key. Working in a big organization can provide motivation (if only because the boss
shouts at you), but entrepreneurs have to learn to “gee” themselves up.
Breen gets students to concentrate on immediate specific tasks that need
attention, rather than allowing themselves to be overwhelmed by a mountain of
things waiting to be done.
“We get them to imagine getting one thing done, and how good it will feel
when they’ve finished,” says Breen. “If you really concentrate on those thoughts for
just two or three minutes you’ll find you can’t wait to start work instead of dreading
it.”
Good business is business with profits for both sides.
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