Квантовые вычисления. Ожигов Ю.С. - 39 стр.

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f
1
(x) = 1 f
2
(x, y) = 1
2
x
0
, y
0
f(x, y) = 1
g {x | g(x) = 1} M x
0
M = 1 1 M N
O(
MN)
M = 1
2
u, x, y H
0
= C
N
a = a
1
N
a
2
C
4
a
1
= a
2
=
1
2
(|0i |1i) f
1
(x), f
2
(x, y)
e
1
, e
2
x, y
f
1
= 1, f
2
= 1
H = H
0
N
H
0
N
H
0
N
C
4
F
1
|u, x, y, ai = |u, x, y, a
1
L
f
1
(u), a
2
i,
F
2
|u, x, y, ai = |u, x, y, a
1
, a
2
L
f
2
(x, y)i,
P |u, x, y, ai = |u
L
x, x, y, ai.
F
1
|u, x, y, ai =
|u, x, y, ai, u 6= e
1
,
−|u, x, y, ai, u = e
1
;
F
2
|u, x, y, ai =
|u, x, y, ai, |x, yi 6= |e
1
, e
2
i,
−|u, x, y, ai, |x, yi = |e
1
, e
2
i;
H R
0
= I
N
R
0x
N
R
0y
N
I; W =
I
N
W
x
N
W
y
N
I; F = P (F
1
|
u,a
1
N
F
2
|
x,y,a
2
)P, x, y
0 I
Z = WR
0
WF.
Z
χ
0
= |
¯
0i
O
1
N
N1
X
i=0
|e
i
i
O
1
N
N1
X
i=0
|e
i
i
O
a
                                                                           
    %  &   '   &          
                         %  &  '  
 )  $    $ f (x) = 1 f (x, y) = 1          √2
                       1           2
  
            $  $       
    #'              )  x , y    f (x, y) = 1            
   %&  g   $    {x | g(x) = 1}   M  '  x      
                                                      0 0

  $ $ $    M = 1  $ 1  M  N    
                                                                           0
                                                                                         !
            
       )   $       ' O(√M N )  
'       ) $  $   $   M = 1      
            '        '  
)  √2                                         
                                                                                           
$           $          
      &   #    $
               ) $     #    $  
               %  &   #  $
      *    %  &                     $ 
   
     u, x, y            # #  $ H = CN  a = a N a ∈
                                                                               0           1   2
C4   a1 = a2 = √12 (|0i − |1i)            f1 (x), f2 (x, y)   #     
        e , e        x, y      
                                        1 2
     )     $ f = 1, f = 1                             $
                                    1        2
     '   
    '  H = H N H N H N C4  
                    0    0       0
                                                               L
                               F1 |u, x, y, ai = |u, x, y, a1 fL  1 (u), a2 i,
                               F2 |u, x, y, ai = |u,Lx, y, a1 , a2 f2 (x, y)i,
                               P |u, x, y, ai = |u x, x, y, ai.
 
                                                                        u 6= e ,
                                                                        u=e ;
                                                  
                                                      |u, x, y, ai,              1
                              F1 |u, x, y, ai =
                                                      −|u, x, y, ai,
                                                                   |x, yi =6 |e , e i,
                                                                                 1


                                                                   |x, yi = |e , e i;
                                            
                                         |u, x, y, ai,           1 2
                        F2 |u, x, y, ai =
                                        −|u, x, y, ai,           1 2
                  H R = I N R N R N I; W =

                                                                  
                                                                     0         0x     0y
                                     F2 |x,y,a2 )P,   ' $   x, y     
  N     N    N                     N
I    Wx Wy      I; F = P (F1 |u,a1
           )  & $ % 0   I  
        
    (                           

                                                                                                              
             
                                                Z = WR0 WF.
                                                                      Z    
  
                                            −1
                                       O 1 NX             −1
                                                     O 1 NX        O
                             χ0 = |0̄i  √      |ei i  √      |ei i   a
                                         N i=0         N i=0