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3
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ................................................................................................................................... 4
1. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɉɊȿȾɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂə Ɉ ȽɊɍɇɌȺɏ ɂ ɆȿɏȺɇɂɄȿ ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼ
ɂ ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɋɌɊɈɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȽɈ ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼȿȾȿɇɂə.............................................................. 5
1.1. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ........... 5
1.2. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ. ȼɢɞɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ.................................................................... 7
1.3. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ............................................................................................... 11
1.4. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ ............................................................................. 13
1.5. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ........................................................................ 15
2. ɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼ, ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼ
ɉɈ ɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄɂɆ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺɆ............................................................................................ 17
2.1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ, ɨɬɛɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ............. 17
2.2. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ............... 21
2.3. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ.......................... 24
2.4. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ... 28
3. ɈɋɇɈȼɇɕȿ ɁȺɄɈɇɈɆȿɊɇɈɋɌɂ ɋɈɉɊɈɌɂȼɅȿɇɂə ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼ
ȾȿɃɋɌȼɂɘ ȼɇȿɒɇɂɏ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɈɄ, ɆȿɏȺɇɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɋȼɈɃɋɌȼȺ ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼ......... 28
3.1. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ,
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ........................................................................................... 28
3.2. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ. Ʉɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ,
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ,
ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ................................................................................................ 30
3.3. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɞɜɢɝɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ɍɝɨɥ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɝɨɥ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɨɫɚ,
ɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ.............................................................................................................. 35
3.4. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ................................... 38
3.5. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ .... 40
3.6. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ..................................................................................... 42
4. ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ ɊȺɋɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə ɇȺɉɊəɀȿɇɂɃ ȼ ȽɊɍɇɌȿ .............................. 43
4.1. Ɏɚɡɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨ-ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ......................................... 43
4.2. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɝɪɭɧɬɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ................................................ 45
4.3. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ....................................... 47
4.4. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ........................ 54
5. ȾȿɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ ȽɊɍɇɌɈȼ ɂ ɊȺɋɑȿɌ ɈɋȺȾɈɄ ɎɍɇȾȺɆȿɇɌɈȼ............................... 56
5.1. ȼɢɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ........................................................................ 56
5.2. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ..................................................................... 56
5.3. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ...................... 58
5.4. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ.
Ɂɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ............................................................................................. 60
5.5. Ɋɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ................................................................. 65
5.6. ȼɢɞɵ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ................................................................ 71
5.7. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ....................................... 81
6. ɍɋɌɈɃɑɂȼɈɋɌɖ ɈɌɄɈɋɈȼ ɂ ɋɄɅɈɇɈȼ, ȾȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ȽɊɍɇɌȺ
ɇȺ ɉɈȾɉɈɊɇɕȿ ɋɌȿɇɕ.......................................................................................................... 82
6.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ........................................................................................................ 82
6.2. ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɤɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ.............................. 84
6.3. Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɤɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɤɥɨɧɨɜ....... 86
6.4. Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ..................................................... 88
ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ............................................................................................................................. 96
ȽɅɈɋɋȺɊɂɃ ................................................................................................................................ 97
ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ........................................................................................ 102
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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ «Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɟɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɞ-
ɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ.
Ȼɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ» ɞɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ 27010265
«ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ» ɢ 27010965 «Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢ-
ɥɹɰɢɹ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ», ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɢɫɤɨɣ ɢɡ Ƚɨɫɭ-
ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ȼɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɢɡ ȽɈɋ ȼɉɈ
ɈɉȾ.Ɏ.07 Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ:
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ, ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ; ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɧ-
ɬɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ; ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦ, ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨ-
ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ.
60
ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɫ-
ɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɧɚɞɡɟɦ-
ɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɨ 40% ɨɬ
ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɭɞɟɲɟɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɳɭɬɢɦɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ.
ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɞɟɲɟɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɨɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɫ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵ-
ɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨ-ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɱ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɫ-
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɚ «ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ».
