Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 16 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

УлГТУ | Ульяновск

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

16
The Genitive had a wide range of meanings and functions and it was
used both with nouns, denoting living beings and with those, denoting
things. Besides, expressing possessions, the genitive had as adverbial
function, in such cases it denoted place. E.g. in wendon Þā ēðres wa es
hāmweard "they went home by another way", or manner. E.g. in hī ricsodon
næs Þēah mīnes ðonces "however they didn't rule according to my will". Such
genitives account for adverbs like "ānes" once, "nīhtes" at night.
In late OE texts we find of-phrases, expressing the same relations
as the genitive. E.g. ða nītenu of eallum cinne “animals of all kinds”.
One may say that analytical genitive began to develop before the
Middle English period.
The dative denoted the indirect object. E.g. in seʒe Þīnum leōdum
miccle lāðre spell "tell your people a far more unpleasant piece of news".
It could also denote time. E.g. in Heorot eardode...sweartum nihtum "He
visited Heorot on dark nights".
In certain cases the dative had a possessive meaning in Late OE.
E.g. in Her Rōmane Leone Þæm pāpan his tunʒan forcurfon "Then the
Romans cut off to Pope Leo his tongue".
The accusative expressed the direct object, but it sometimes had
the function of an adverbial modifier of time or place.
E.g. in swā wē Þarinne andlanʒne day mōde nāmon "thus we there
the whole day took what we needed". E.g. hæfdon sum dǣl wēʒes
ʒefaren "they had travelled part of the way".
The main declensions were the vowel or strong declension and the
consonant or weak declension. The criterion was whether the stem of the
noun had ended in a vowel or a consonant in Common Germanic.
Thus, the strong declension includes nouns with vocalic stems: -a, -o,
-i, -u and the weak declension comprises n-stems and root-stems and -r, -s,
-nd stems. See table 2.
Table 2. The Morphological Structure of OE Nouns
Vocalic Stems
Consonantal Stems
Strong Declension
Weak
declension
Root
declension
-r-
-s-
-nd-
-a-
-o-
-i-
-n-
-
Nm.
-
Nn.
Nf.
-
Nm.
Nf.
Nn.
Nf.
Nm.
Nf.
Nn.
Nm.
Nf.
-
Nm.
Nf.
Nn.

Страницы