Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 40 стр.

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40
Causal Clauses
The main causal conjunctions are the for formulae, nù, and þæs (þe),
þe and þe, are sometimes found.When the true cause is given, the causal
clauses has an indicative verb. The subjunctive is regularly used for a
rejected reason.
E.g. Ne cwǣþ he þæt na for þon þe him wære ānig gemynd
þearfendra manna, ah he wæs gītsere…"He said that, not because he
cared at all about needy men, but because he was a miser…"
Clauses of Comparison
I. Clauses of comparison, involving "that", are expressed in OE by þonne
or occasionally and only after a negative principal clause there is a strong
tendency for the þonne clause to have the subjunctive when the principal
clause is positive.
II. Comparisons involving "as" may be expressed by
1. swǣ "as" or swǣ …. swǣ "just as";
2. swǣ … swǣ "so…as";
3. swǣ + superlative;
4. swylce’ " as if";
5. swylce…swǣ "such…as";
6. þǣs (þe)
III. Clauses of comparison involving "the… the" are expressed by
þe…þe and the verbs are in the Indicative Mood.
IV. Clauses of comparison, involving hypothesis, are expressed by swǣ
or swilce "as if" followed by the subjunctive. When the time reference
is to the past, the preterite subjunctive is found in the "as if" clause. The
preterite subjunctive is not used in the present as it is in Modern English
"He runs as if he were tired".
The Modern English equivalent of the OE idiom would be "He
runs as if he be tired".

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