Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 39 стр.

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39
The prevailing mood is the indicative.
ga þær he wille, the subjunctive reflects the subjunctive in the
principal clause, the indefinites of the abverb clause, and probably also the
fact that the whole expression means "no matter where he goes"
and therefore has a concessive force.
Clauses of Time
1. Conjunctions whose primary meaning is "when" or "while" are:
þonne,
midþæm (þe),
þæ hwile (þe),
þenden,
swǣ lange swǣ.
2. Conjunctions whose primary meaning is "after" are:
sīđđan,
þææs þe.
Æfter is not used alone as a conjunctions in OE.
3. ær "Before" is rendered by either alone or introducing a
prepositional formula.
4. Conjunctions whose primary meaning is "until" are:
ođ, ođđe, ođ đæt and hwonne.
All these conjunctions usually take the indicative with the exception
of ær which prefers the subjunctive and hwonne which always seems to
take the subjunctive.
Clauses of Purpose and Result
Since a result is often a fulfilled purpose and purpose yet-to-be-
completed result, these two have much in common. Both can be
introduced by the following conjunctions: þæt, þætte, swǣ þæt, and
swǣ…þæt, though the last two are rare in purpose clauses: þæs…þæt and
tō þæs…þæt occasionally introduce result clauses more commonly in the
poetry than in the prose. læs (e) "lest" is found only in negative clauses of
purpose.It is generally agreed that purpose clauses take the subjunctive,
result clauses – the indicative. This proposition cannot be proved, for it is
only by classifying all clauses with the subjunctive as purpose and all
clauses with the indicative as result that we can deduce the rule.
This is clearly a circular argument, but it seems likely enough when
we think of Modern English usage.

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