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6
We may not discuss with some hope of understanding, how OE
sounded, but we may still confront some difficulties. In the first place, how
confidently can we make even the most general statements?
The answer, at least in the case of Early English, is "pretty
confidently" so long as "pretty generally". [6]. It is true that King Alfred,
would find the modern students' pronunciation of his Pastoral care
"uncouth" but it is also true that he would understand it, whereas he quite
certainly would not understand a pronunciation interpreting OE spelling
according to the usual "values" of the letters in NE.
It has been our experience as well as Hamer's that many students
find the existing accounts of the development of OE pronunciation either
too difficult or too simplified. For many students the first contact with the
detailed study of the development of the English language comes when
they start to learn OE, and if they fail to understand the principles,
involved at this point, it is likely that they will later avoid any study of the
subsequent developments.
PRONUNCIATION
Any OE manuscript will show that the letters used by Anglo-Saxons
scribes were sometimes very like and sometimes very unlike those used
today, both in shape and function. Printers of Anglo-Saxon texts generally
use the modern letter form. Hence the sounds [f] and [v] are both
represented by f, and the sounds [s] and [z] by s because this is the usage
of the scribes, the sounds [θ] and [ð] by th or þ, etc.
The following symbols are not in use today: æ "ash", which
represents the vowel in ModE "hat", þ "thorn" and ð "that", both of which
represent ModE th as in "cloth" and in "clothes", capital þ is written Ð.
The stress usually falls on the first syllable, as in ModE, e.g. morgen
"morning". The prefix ge- is always unaccented: hence
ʒedon "done".
1. Prepositional prefixes, e.g. for-, ofer- can be either stressed as a
rule, in nouns or adjectives, e.g. forwyrd "ruin" or unstressed in verbs, e.g.
forwiernan "refuse". However, by the time of written OE ge- never carried
the stress, be- and for- rarely; un- however, always did. Some verbs,
derived from nouns with prefixes, continued to be stressed on the prefix.
E.g. andswarian "to answer" based on the noun andswaru, as did some
verbs whose prefix retained its full adverbial meaning, e.g. utgan "to go
out".
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