Архитектурные шедевры Великобритании. Рябцева Е.В. - 13 стр.

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building with narrative painting was first drawn up by a Fine Art Commission established in 1841 with Prince
Albert as its chairman.
The scenes of Stuart period include the confrontation in 1642 when Speaker Lenthall asserted the privi-
leges of the House of Commons when Charles I came to arrest five members for treason: ‘May it please Your
Majesty, I have neither eyes to see, nor tongue to speak in this place, but as the House is pleased to direct
me…’ This was the last time a reigning monarch entered the House.
C.W. Cope was commissioned to paint a series of murals in the Peers Corridor between 1856 and 1866 on the
struggle between Parliament and Crown in the Stuart period. The artist chose to include the embarkation of the
Pilgrims Fathers for New England in 1620.
Latimer preaches before Edward VI at St Paul’s Cross is a fresco by Ernest Brand in the series of scenes of
the Tudor period in the East Corridor. Its style reflects the conception of the series as historical illustrations, rather
than history painting in the grand manner. All the paintings in this series were donated by Liberal peers.
Not all of its decisions were implemented, and many pictures have disintegrated or faded because artists
were encouraged to use fresco (powdered pigments applied directly to wet plaster) rather than oil. However, a
scheme of subjects was agreed for the different parts of the palace, and this has been complemented by subse-
quent additions.
Answer the following questions.
1. How is the Central Lobby arranged?
2. What is there beyond the Lower Waiting room?
3. What kind of roof has the Central Lobby?
4. How was a ‘general cheerfulness and lightness’ achieved?
5. What was a scheme to decorate the walls throughout the corridors of the palace?
THE HOUSE OF COMMONS
Words and Expressions
– expenditure – расходная статья бюджета
– to be drawn from – быть избранным
– to flank – располагаться по обе стороны
It is in the House of Commons that political argument and power is centred. A General Election determines
the choice of political party to form a government, and its existence depends on maintaining the support of a ma-
jority in the Commons. The Government's policies are explained or criticised in debates and at question time,
bills (draft laws) are considered, levels of taxation decided and expenditure voted for the running of the country.
Most Government ministers (usually all but two of the Cabinet of about twenty, and sixty out of the eighty other
ministers) are drawn from this House. The Speaker is elected by MPs to preside over the Commons, and ceases
to belong to a political party after election. The term “Speaker” derives from the earlier role of spokesman for the
Commons in its exchanges with the king. The Speaker, wearing her ceremonial robe and accompanied by Black
Rod, leads MPs through the Members Lobby to the Lords to hear the Queen’s Speech at the State Opening of
Parliament.
The Commons' chamber was rebuilt in 1945 – 1950 after it and its lobbies were seriously damaged in an air
raid on 10 May 1941. In the Commons, or Members, Lobby the archway into the chamber incorporates stones
from the original arch. It is flanked by statues of Churchill and Lloyd George, and the lobby also has statues of
other statesmen – Attlee, Joseph Chamberlain, Balfour, Asquith and Disraeli – as well as message boards for
MPs, their post office and the window of the vote office which supplies them with parliamentary papers.
Sir Giles Gilbert Scott's designs for the Commons' chamber repeated the gothic style of the old chamber but
in a simplified manner. The post-war rebuilding of the Commons’ chamber did not reproduce the original, in
use from 1850 to 1942, which had been similar in style to the Lords’ chamber but without the paintings or
sculpture. Instead, Sir Giles Gilbert Scott chose a simplified gothic style in lighter coloured oak. It was decided
to use the floor plan of the old chamber but to enlarge the galleries to provide more seating. Even so there are
still only seats for some 420 MPs out of a total of 651, and when the chamber is full members have to find stand-
ing room or sit in the gangways. The refusal to enlarge the chamber was a deliberate and successful attempt to
retain a degree of intimacy for the many smaller debates when only a handful of MPs are present. Backbench
members speak from their places, but spokesmen for the Government or official Opposition can put their notes
on the dispatch boxes on the table.

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