Архитектурные шедевры Великобритании. Рябцева Е.В. - 25 стр.

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The Chapter House was not only used by the monks, but was also used for secular purposes – it was a Par-
liament House for the Commons from the reign of Edward I to the end of Henry VIII's reign. At the Dissolution
it came under Crown control and is still Crown property, the Dean and Chapter having no rights over it.
Beside the Chapter House, behind a heavy oak door guarded with six locks, is the Pyx Chamber, some-
times called the Chapel of the Pyx. This vaulted room is part of the Norman monastic buildings. It has a stone
altar and pillar-piscina, which indicate that it was a chapel before becoming, in the fourteenth century, the mo-
nastic Treasury.
Answer the following questions.
1. What were the cloisters in pre-Reformation days?
2. How was the north walk equipped?
3. Where could you get if you had followed along the south walk?
4. What was the Chapter House used for?
5. What is the design of the Chapter House?
6. How is the Chapter House decorated?
7. For what purpose was the Chapter House also used?
8. What is the Pyx Chamber?
9. What was the Pyx Chamber originally used for?
CORONATIONS IN WESTMINSTER
Words and Expressions
– sacred hallowing – торжественное освящение
– an archbishop – архиепископ
– congregation – конгрегация, религиозное братство, прихожане, паства
– an oath – клятва, присяга
– to be anointed – быть помазанным на царствование
– insignia – знаки отличия
– homage – присяга, пиетет, почитание, почтение, уважение
– a realm – королевство
– a riot – бунт
– mayhem – нанесение увечья
– to venerate – чтить
– an omen – предзнаменование
– a cope – риза, церковное одеяние служителя церкви
– auburn – золотисто-каштановый
– a wig – парик
– a ringlet – локон
Coronations have taken place at Westminster since at least 1066, when William the Conqueror arrived in
London after his victory at the Battle of Hastings. Whether or not Harold, his predecessor as monarch, had been
crowned in Edward the Confessor's Abbey is uncertain – coronations do not seem to have had a fixed location
before 1066, though several monarchs were crowned at Kingston-upon-Thames, where the King's Stone still exists
– but William was determined to reinforce his victory, which gave him the right to rule by conquest, with the
sacred hallowing of his sovereignty which the coronation ceremony would give him. He was crowned in the old
Abbey – then recently completed and housing Edward the Confessor's body – on Christmas Day 1066.
The form of service which would have been used was probably not very different from that still used today
or indeed from that used at the coronation of King Edgar at Bath in 973. The service today has four parts: first
comes the Introduction, consisting of: the entry of the Sovereign into the Abbey; the formal recognition of the
right of the Sovereign to rule – when the Archbishop presents the Sovereign to the congregation and asks them
if they agree to the service proceeding, and they respond with an assent; the oath, when the Sove-reign prom-
ises to respect and govern in accordance with the laws of his or her subjects and to uphold the Protestant re-
formed Church of England and Scotland; and the presentation of the Bible to the Sovereign, to be relied on as
the source of all wisdom and law. Secondly, the Sovereign is anointed with holy oil, seated on the Coronation

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