Архитектурные шедевры Великобритании. Рябцева Е.В. - 24 стр.

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his writing. Translations or adaptations from French and Italian works (‘The Romaunt of the Rose’, ‘Troilus
and Criseyde’) led later to the great ‘Canterbury Tales’ of c. 1387, for which he is best known today.
A marble bust commemorates the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807 – 1882). He was
born at Portland, Maine, and held professorships of modern languages first at Bowdoin College and later at
Harvard. His best-known and probably, best-loved poem is ‘Hiawatha’, written in 1855, but 'Excelsior' and 'The
Wreck of the Hesperus', from ‘Ballads and Other Poems’ published in 1842, are also well known. He achieved
great popularity in England and, following his death; in 1884 his admirers here erected this memorial to him in
the Abbey. It was sculpted by Sir Thomas Brock R.A., who also executed the memorial to Queen Victoria
which stands in front of Buckingham Palace.
Another poet from abroad is Adam Lindsay Gordon (1833 – 1870), who, although born in England, emi-
grated to Australia in 1853. He is remembered especially for his bush-ballads, including ‘How We Beat the Fa-
vourite’ and ‘The Sick Stockrider’.
Note on the Sculptors
While in no way lessening their important role of commemorating the famous and respected of each gen-
eration, it must be said that the monuments and memorials in Poets' Corner, as elsewhere in the Abbey, also
form a fine gallery of the Sculptor's art. It is true that some of the sculptures are not the best work produced by
their creators, and that others show a fine disregard for the place in which they stand, being too massive and
dominant. However, many monuments are both appropriate in scale and beautifully executed; among those by
famous sculptors which may be of particular interest are the following (the names of some of those whose
tombs or memorials each sculpted are given in brackets after the sculptor's name): Grinling Gibbons (Sir
Cloudesley Shovell); Peter Scheemakers (William Shakespeare; monument designed by William Kent); Roubil-
lac (several, among them monuments to John Campbell, Duke of Argyll, Lady Elizabeth Nightingale, Handel);
Rysbrack (Sir Isaac Newton, Matthew Prior); Nollekens (naval captains Bayne, Blair and Man-ners); Flaxman
(William Murray, Earl of Mansfield); Westmacott (William Pitt, Charles James Fox); and Epstein (William
Blake).
THE CLOISTERS AND THE CHAPTER HOUSE
Words and Expressions
– precincts – территория, примыкающая к какому-либо месту, окрестности
– rush – камыш, тростник
– a brazier – жаровня
– a novice – послушник
– a pyx – дароносица
– a pillar-piscina – чаша со святой водой
The cloisters were, in pre-Reformation days, one of the busiest parts of the monastic precincts and, with
windows filled with glass, rushes strewn on the floor and braziers burning, would have been cosier than they
seem today. In the west walk the novices were instructed by the Novice Master; here also was the washing
place.
The north walk was for private study, equipped with bookcases and with tables and seats below the win-
dows. The south walk was the way to the Refectory where meals were taken, while the east walk led to the
Chapter House.
The Chapter House was the place where the day-to-day business of the monastery was discussed and tasks
allocated. Begun in 1250, it was one of the largest such buildings in England and is octagonal in shape, with a
central column supporting the roof vaulting. Many traces of medieval wall-paintings can be seen, and the beau-
tiful, brilliantly coloured, tiled floor is original, having been protected until the nineteenth century by wooden
flooring placed on top. The glass in the windows was badly damaged in the Second World War and reglazing
has taken place. Panels of the previous Victorian glass are now combined with new clear glass panels set with
the coats of arms of sovereigns, benefactors, abbots and others closely connected with the Abbey, and the de-
vices of Henry de Reyns, Henry VII's master mason, and Henry Yevele, master mason who rebuilt the Nave.

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